Cat. No.: HY-B0282

Acetylcholine chloride

(Synonyms: ACh chloride)

28 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 28 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent and BBB-permeable cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.91%
CAS No.: 60-31-1
Formula: C₇H₁₆ClNO₂
Molecular Weight:181.66

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Acetylcholine chloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 60-31-1

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (28)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent and BBB-permeable cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)^[1]^[2]. Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro^[5].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[5]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Calcium Channel Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.22 μM Compound: ACh	Activation of M3-ACh receptor-FLASH/CFP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as FRET signal Activation of M3-ACh receptor-FLASH/CFP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as FRET signal	[PMID: 20716489]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.77 μM Compound: ACh	Activation of M1-ACh receptor-FLASH/CFP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as FRET signal Activation of M1-ACh receptor-FLASH/CFP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as FRET signal	[PMID: 20716489]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.79 μM Compound: ACh	Activation of M5-ACh receptor-FLASH/CFP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as FRET signal Activation of M5-ACh receptor-FLASH/CFP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as FRET signal	[PMID: 20716489]

In Vitro

Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride; 10 μM) opens the calcium channel and the fluorescence value and intracellular free calcium will increase significantly when the medium is with high calcium, while these will decrease when the medium is without calcium in sweat gland epithelial cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride; SC; 20 mg/kg; single dose) induces pronounced cholinergic stimulation and increase of mouse survival in experimental infection^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male and female out-bred albino mice weighing 18-22 g (sepsis)^[4]
Dosage:

20 mg/kg
Administration:

SC; single dose
Result:

Significantly reduces mortality of mice from sepsis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2×10⁹ E. coli bacterial bodies and the blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 60-31-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 181.66
Formula C₇H₁₆ClNO₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(OCC[N+](C)(C)C)C.[Cl-]
Synonyms

ACh chloride
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Publications (28)

All IFCell Proliferation/Viability AssayFlow CytometryIn Vivo Efficacy Study

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Journal Impact Factor

Cancer Cell

Long-range cholinergic input promotes glioblastoma progression. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 12:S1535-6108(25)00330-7. PMID: 40829591
Cell

Sympathetic-epithelial crosstalk governs tissue-resident memory T cell immunosurveillance in the skin. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 5;189(5):1323-1340.e25. PMID: 41616781
Cell Res

Light sensing enhances thermotolerance and competitive fitness via serotonergic signaling in an eyeless organism. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;36(4):286-299. PMID: 41764323
Trends Biotechnol

Programmable embedded bioprinting for one-step manufacturing of arterial models with customized contractile and metabolic functions. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;43(4):918-945. PMID: 39779422
Redox Biol

Myeloid ACE2 protects against septic hypotension and vascular dysfunction through Ang-(1-7)-Mas-mediated macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2024 Feb:69:103004. PMID: 38141575
MedComm (2020)

Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor Member D Sustains Hypertension. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 28;7(4):e70706. PMID: 41930327
Phytomedicine

Andrographolide ameliorates vascular injury in hypertension by suppressing EndMT via Sp1-Notch1 signaling. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 17:153:157846. PMID: 41653618
J Hazard Mater

β-ionone inhibits the grazing of Daphnia sinensis by reducing the activity of acetylcholinesterase. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5:479:135690. PMID: 39255669
J Hazard Mater

β-cyclocitral, a novel AChE inhibitor, contributes to the defense of Microcystis aeruginosa against Daphnia grazing. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 5:465:133248. PMID: 38147752
Acta Pharmacol Sin

Huperzine A attenuates epileptic seizures via enhancing dCA1-projecting septal cholinergic transmission. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 26. PMID: 40140526

Acetylcholine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Mar 26. [Abstract]

Acetylcholine (ACh, 20 μM; 250 nL, locally injected into the dorsal CA1 (dCA1)). AAV-EF1α-FLEX-taCasp3 virus was injected in the medial septum (MS) and the cannula was implanted in the dCA1 for Hup A (0.1 -1 mg/kg; i.p.) intervention. Effects of Hup A on the development of seizure stage (Left) and ADDs (Right) during kindling acquisition, in the condition of AAV-taCasp3-mediated apoptosis of the ChAT⁺ neurons in MS, n=9.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Cholinergic macrophages promote the resolution of peritoneal inflammation. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 2;121(27):e2402143121. PMID: 38923993

Acetylcholine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Jul 2;121(27):e2402143121. [Abstract]

The impact of ACh (Acetylcholine, 1 μM; 24 h) on the uptake of latex beads-rabbit IgG-FITC complex (green) in murine BMDMs (red; Upper) or human MDMs (red; Lower) was assessed. The data are presented as the percentage of latex beads-rabbit IgG-FITC-positive cells relative to the total cell count. (Scale bar, 100 μm.)

Acetylcholine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Jul 2;121(27):e2402143121. [Abstract]

BMDMs from ChAT-GFP mice were treated with Pam3, or in combination with ACh (Acetylcholine, 10 μM), for 24 h and subsequently evaluated for GFP expression.

Acetylcholine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Jul 2;121(27):e2402143121. [Abstract]

ACh (Acetylcholine, 5 mg/kg; i.p., once daily for 3 days). The number of apoptotic neutrophils was assessed by flow cytometry at day 3 post-Pam3 stimulation in Chat^fl/fl and Chat^fl/flLyz2^cre mice.
Curr Biol

Molecular pathways for learning in the single-cell Stentor coeruleus. [Abstract]

2026 May 4;36(9):2367-2381.e9. PMID: 42025171
J Ethnopharmacol

Mailuoning oral liquid ameliorates vasculitis in thromboangiitis obliterans rats via inactivating cGAS-STING-IRF3 and TLR4-MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 22:118707. PMID: 39181282
Mol Metab

Vagal control of the brain-esophagus axis ameliorates stress-induced esophageal motility dysfunction in male mice. [Abstract]

2026 May 26:102384. PMID: 42203107
Mol Metab

Deletion of Ascl1 in pancreatic β-cells improves insulin secretion, promotes parasympathetic innervation, and attenuates dedifferentiation during metabolic stress. [Abstract]

2023 Dec:78:101811. PMID: 37769990
Cells

Single-Cell Hypertrophy Promotes Contractile Function of Cultured Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via Piezo1 and YAP Auto-Regulation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 14;13(20):1697. PMID: 39451215
Int J Mol Sci

A Clozapine-Responsive GPCR-Based Gene Switch for Pharmacological Control of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells and In Vivo. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 9;27(8):3381. PMID: 42074026
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

Dietary apigenin ameliorates obesity-related hypertension through TRPV4-dependent vasorelaxation and TRPV4-independent adiponectin secretion. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 30:167488. PMID: 39218272
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci

Critical Residues in the Gβ Subunit Mediate Selective Recruitment of the Gαq Heterotrimer to Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 6;8(7):2048-2060. PMID: 40672669
Mol Cell Endocrinol

Vagotomy suppresses food intake by increasing GLP-1 secretion via the M3 AChR-AMPKα pathway in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 21:599:112464. PMID: 39848433
BMC Pulm Med

Opposing responses of the rat pulmonary artery and vein to phenylephrine and other agents in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 5;21(1):189. PMID: 34090386
Front Cardiovasc Med

Estrogen Protects Vasomotor Functions in Rats During Catecholamine Stress. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 16:8:679240. PMID: 34222374
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

Indole-3-Propionic Acid Improves Vascular Function in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via eNOS. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;52(11):e70081. PMID: 41057979
Turk J Med Sci

Benzyl alcohol improves Ang II-induced vascular and renal injury. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 19;55(2):509-517. PMID: 40342326
UCSF

2025.
Res Sq

2025 Nov 12.
Biomed Pharmacother

Spinosad blocks CHRNA5 mediated EGFR signaling pathway activation to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma proliferation. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 12:177:117105. PMID: 39002438

Acetylcholine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jul 12:177:117105. [Abstract]

The addition of exogenous Acetylcholine (1-10 μM) reversed the decline in H1975 cell viability induced by Spinosad (10 μM).
bioRxiv

2023 Oct 13.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (550.48 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (344.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.5048 mL

27.5239 mL

55.0479 mL

5 mM

1.1010 mL

5.5048 mL

11.0096 mL

10 mM

0.5505 mL

2.7524 mL

5.5048 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 23.33 mg/mL (128.43 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (274 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Prashant Tiwari, et al. Basic and modern concepts on cholinergic receptor: A review. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013 Oct;3(5): 413-420.

[2]. A Young, et al. Diarrhoea of famine and malnutrition--investigations using a rat model. 2--Ileal hypersecretion induced by starvation. Gut. 1990 Feb;31(2):162-9. [Content Brief]

[3]. Xia Lei, et al. Effects of acetylcholine chloride on intracellular calcium concentration of cultured sweat gland epithelial cells. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008 Aug;300(7):335-41. [Content Brief]

[4]. P F Zabrodskii, et al. Effect of acetylcholine on mortality of mice from sepsis and proinflammatory cytokine production. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2011 Jan;150(3):340-2. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zhaolin Chen, et al. Inhibition of p53 Mutant Peptide Aggregation In Vitro by Cationic Osmolyte Acetylcholine Chloride. Protein Pept Lett. 2017;24(4):353-357. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	5.5048 mL	27.5239 mL	55.0479 mL	137.6197 mL
	5 mM	1.1010 mL	5.5048 mL	11.0096 mL	27.5239 mL
	10 mM	0.5505 mL	2.7524 mL	5.5048 mL	13.7620 mL
	15 mM	0.3670 mL	1.8349 mL	3.6699 mL	9.1746 mL
	20 mM	0.2752 mL	1.3762 mL	2.7524 mL	6.8810 mL
	25 mM	0.2202 mL	1.1010 mL	2.2019 mL	5.5048 mL
	30 mM	0.1835 mL	0.9175 mL	1.8349 mL	4.5873 mL
	40 mM	0.1376 mL	0.6881 mL	1.3762 mL	3.4405 mL
	50 mM	0.1101 mL	0.5505 mL	1.1010 mL	2.7524 mL
	60 mM	0.0917 mL	0.4587 mL	0.9175 mL	2.2937 mL
	80 mM	0.0688 mL	0.3440 mL	0.6881 mL	1.7202 mL
	100 mM	0.0550 mL	0.2752 mL	0.5505 mL	1.3762 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Acetylcholine chloride

28 Cited Publications

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Acetylcholine chloride

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Acetylcholine chloride

All Calcium Channel Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (28)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Acetylcholine chloride Related Classifications

HY-B0282 Related Classifications