39 Results for "

intestinal microbiota

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:
Products (39)

39 Results for "intestinal microbiota" in MCE Product Catalog:

6
2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
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6 Publications Verification
Cat. No.: HY-W013636C
CAS No.: 997-43-3
Synonyms: Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) (potassium) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium is a reversible and orally active inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 15 mM. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium significantly suppresses abnormal intestinal permeability, delocalization of tight junction proteins from the intestinal cells, expression of TNFα in vitro and in vivo. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium directly binds to TAK1, and inhibits the TRAF6-TAK1 interaction. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium also alleviates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms and gut microbiota dysbiosis, evident by the improvements in the intestine length .
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4
Inulin
Inulin
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4 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N7075
CAS No.: 9005-80-5
Category:  

Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Polysaccharides Metabolic Disease Plants Compositae Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Sophora tomentosa L. Saccharides

Target:  

Endogenous Metabolite

Inulin is an orally active prebiotic targeting the intestinal microbiota, selectively promoting the proliferation and activity of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and playing a role in regulating the intestinal microecology. The functions of Inulin include: Fermentation by probiotics in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as butyrate and propionate), lowering the intestinal pH and inhibiting the overgrowth of harmful bacteria; Enhancing the intestinal barrier function and reducing endotoxin translocation; Directly scavenging free radicals (such as superoxide free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals) and activating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) to reduce oxidative stress. Inulin can also be used in the study of intestinal diseases (constipation, IBD), metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity) and liver damage by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism (such as reducing triglycerides, improving insulin sensitivity) and immune response (enhancing NK cell activity, inhibiting inflammatory factors)[1][2][3][4].
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3
Atractyloside A
Atractyloside A
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3 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N0237
CAS No.: 126054-77-1
Category:  

Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Other Diseases Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Erythrina sigmoidea Hua

Target:  

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 NF-κB Mitochondrial Metabolism Interleukin Related Aquaporin

Atractyloside A is an orally active inhibitor of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and also an opener of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Atractyloside A interferes with the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thereby inhibiting intestinal inflammatory responses. Atractyloside A reverses mucin synthesis impairment, improves intestinal barrier integrity, and restores homeostasis by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Atractyloside A can be used in studies related to spleen deficiency diarrhea and myocardial injury .
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1
(+)-Magnoflorine chloride
(+)-Magnoflorine chloride
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N0535
CAS No.: 6681-18-1
Synonyms: Magnoflorine chloride; α-Magnoflorine chloride; Thalictrine chloride
Category:  

Metabolic Disease Plants Aristolochiaceae Infection Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids other families Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields

Target:  

Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) chloride is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride promotes Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine chloride upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride also has significant antifungal activity .
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1
Lactulose
Lactulose
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-B1172
CAS No.: 4618-18-2
Synonyms: 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose
Category:  

Polysaccharides Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides

Target:  

Bacterial Interleukin Related DNA/RNA Synthesis

Lactulose is an orally active galactose-fructose disaccharide. Lactulose suppresses upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6. Lactulose decreases the degree of DNA damage. Lactulose exhibits many of the properties of other oligosaccharides, including increasing the numbers of Bifidobacteria in feces. Lactulose restores the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, mitigates inflammation, and suppresses inflammatory tumorigenesis in mice with colitis-associated cancer. Lactulose can be used in the research of constipation .
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1
Allolithocholic acid
Allolithocholic acid
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-143712
CAS No.: 2276-94-0
Purity:  98.70%
Category:  

Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids

Target:  

Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR

Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC50 = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC50 = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .
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1
Rebaudioside D
Rebaudioside D
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N0468
CAS No.: 63279-13-0
Category:  

other families Terpenoids Metabolic Disease Diterpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Sweeteners Food Research

Target:  

FXR Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Rebaudioside D is an orally active sweetener that targets and activates FXR, modulates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, and inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Rebaudioside D regulates bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism, reduces the synthesis rates of fatty acids and cholesterol, and exerts multiple effects including anti-adipogenesis, hepatoprotection, anti-steatosis, gut microbiota modulation, enhancement of secondary bile acid metabolism, anti-endotoxin activity, regulation of bile acid transport, and inhibition of bile acid efflux. Rebaudioside D also reduces body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and decreases the circulating level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Rebaudioside D additionally enhances the secondary bile acid metabolic pathway of intestinal bacteria, upregulates the gene expression of ileal organic solute transporter α, and downregulates the gene expression of hepatic bile salt export pump. Rebaudioside D does not affect glucose homeostasis, alter total caloric intake or fecal energy excretion, induce weight gain, exacerbate obesity, promote hepatic steatosis, impair brown adipose tissue function, nor change skeletal muscle metabolism-related proteins. Rebaudioside D can be used in diet-induced obesity and obesity-related research .
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1
(+)-Magnoflorine iodide
(+)-Magnoflorine iodide
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N0334A
CAS No.: 4277-43-4
Synonyms: Magnoflorine iodide; α-Magnoflorine iodide; Thalictrine iodide
Category:  

Alkaloids Magnoliaceae Metabolic Disease Phenols Polyphenols Magnolia Liliflora Desr. Plants Disease Research Fields Isoquinoline Alkaloids

Target:  

Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) iodide is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide also has significant antifungal activity .
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1
Coniferyl ferulate
Coniferyl ferulate
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N1916
CAS No.: 63644-62-2
Category:  

Simple Phenylpropanols Phenols Polyphenols Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Phenylpropanoids Plants Umbelliferae Disease Research Fields Cancer

Target:  

Glutathione S-transferase P-glycoprotein Apoptosis iGluR CaMK p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Bacterial

Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .
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1
3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid
3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-113474
CAS No.: 775-01-9
Purity:  98.56%
Category:  

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields

Target:  

Endogenous Metabolite Drug Metabolite Bacterial

3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of Norepinephrine (HY-13715) with free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid acts as a chemoattractant for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), regulates virulence gene expression and bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in a QseC-dependent manner, and targets EHEC to preferred infection sites. 3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid can be used in studies related to oxidative stress and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection .
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1
Glucuronic acid sodium
Glucuronic acid sodium
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1 Cited Publications
Cat. No.: HY-N6612B
CAS No.: 7182-77-6
Target:  

Bacterial

Research Areas:  

Inflammation/Immunology

Glucuronic acid sodium is a polysaccharide that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, supporting the healing of ulcerative colitis. Glucuronic acid sodium also enhances the intestinal barrier by upregulating tight junction proteins like ZO-1 and Occludin. Furthermore, Glucuronic acid sodium plays a role in modulating gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacterial populations while suppressing harmful ones.
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(+)-Magnoflorine
(+)-Magnoflorine
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Cat. No.: HY-N0334
CAS No.: 2141-09-5
Synonyms: Magnoflorine; α-Magnoflorine; Thalictrine
Category:  

Alkaloids Ranunculaceae Coptis chinensis Franch. Metabolic Disease Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Isoquinoline Alkaloids

Target:  

Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine also has significant antifungal activity .
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Lacto-N-fucopentaose I
Lacto-N-fucopentaose I
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Cat. No.: HY-W019806
CAS No.: 7578-25-8
Synonyms: LNFP I
Category:  

Infection Polysaccharides Animals Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Saccharides

Target:  

Endogenous Metabolite CDK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Enterovirus Bacterial

Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), possessing antiviral and antibacterial activity. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can reduce capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, promote CDK2 and reduce cyclin E to recover cell cycle S phase block. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I inhibits ROS production and apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can also regulate intestinal microbiota to affect immune system development .
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Arabinoxylan (Medium viscosity)
Arabinoxylan (Medium viscosity)
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Cat. No.: HY-N15135
CAS No.: 9040-27-1
Category:  

Polysaccharides Leguminosae Antibiotics Pisum sativum Linn Plants Saccharides Other Antibiotics

Target:  

Interleukin Related Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Fungal C-type Lectin-like Receptors (CTLRs)

Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity is an orally active Dectin-1 splice variant modulator, glucose absorption inhibitor, and chyme viscosity enhancer. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity inhibits particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1A activation and mildly suppresses Dectin-1B activation. In human dendritic cells stimulated with particulate β-glucan, Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity reduces the production of IL-10 and TNF-α, and increases the production of IL-4 and IL-23. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity also supports antifungal immune responses without activating TLR2, TLR4 or TLR5, and does not induce cytokine production when used to stimulate human dendritic cells alone. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity increases small intestinal chyme viscosity, gets degraded in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, reduces glucose absorption and insulin response, and improves glucose homeostasis. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity supports microbial fermentation and the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, prevents bile acid reabsorption, and delays starch digestion. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome .
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Butyric acid-13C4 sodium
Butyric acid-13C4 sodium
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Cat. No.: HY-W750796
CAS No.: 286367-75-7
Synonyms: Butanoic acid-13C4 sodium
Target:  

Isotope-Labeled Compounds HDAC Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite

Research Areas:  

Metabolic Disease

Butyric acid- 13C4 sodium (Butyric acid- 13C4 sodium) is a stable isotope labeled compound with the activity of promoting cell proliferation and regulating gene expression. Butyric acid- 13C4 sodium can be used in metabolic research and compound development to help scientists gain a deeper understanding of the role of short-chain fatty acids in organisms. Butyric acid- 13C4 sodium also plays an important role in nutrition and intestinal health research, especially in the regulation of probiotic function and intestinal microbiota .
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3-sucCA
3-sucCA
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Cat. No.: HY-158766
CAS No.: 94159-47-4
Purity:  99.72%
Synonyms: 3-Succinylated cholic acid
Target:  

Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial

Research Areas:  

Infection Inflammation/Immunology

3-sucCA is an orally available bacterial bile acid that exerts anti-MASH effects by promoting the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila. By remodeling the intestinal microbiota and promoting the growth of Akkermansia, 3-sucCA can improve intestinal barrier damage and reduce chronic low-level inflammation, thereby alleviating the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). 3-sucCA accelerates the synthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan and has in vivo efficacy in the mouse MAFL-MASH model. 3-sucCA levels are low in the MAFLD model and are mainly used in the study of MASH .
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4-Guanidinobutanoic acid
4-Guanidinobutanoic acid
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Cat. No.: HY-113286
CAS No.: 463-00-3
Purity:  ≥98.0%
Category:  

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields

Target:  

Endogenous Metabolite Hedgehog

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a metabolite of arginine and an orally active SLC36A1/Hedgehog signaling pathway activator. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid drives epithelial reprogramming, enhances intestinal stem cell function and goblet cell differentiation. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid promotes the enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila via mucus-dependent niche expansion, regulates intestinal homeostasis, and establishes a microbiota-host feedback loop. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exhibits anti-aging and healthspan-regulating properties. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid can be used in research related to ulcerative colitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy .
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Tridecanedioic acid
Tridecanedioic acid
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Cat. No.: HY-128421
CAS No.: 505-52-2
Purity:  99.93%
Synonyms: Brassylic Acid
Category:  

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields

Target:  

Endogenous Metabolite Parasite

Tridecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite. Tridecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite. Tridecanedioic acid is related to the metabolic regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH) and may be an important node molecule in the intestinal microbiota-host metabolism interaction network. Tridecanedioic acid is significantly accumulated in tolerant cabbage-type rapeseed varieties and has a lower content in sensitive varieties. It plays an important role in the defense response against the infection of the small cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella). Tridecanedioic acid can be used as a biomarker for plant insect resistance or a diagnostic marker for metabolic diseases .
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Hydroxypropyl starch
Hydroxypropyl starch
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Cat. No.: HY-W718179
CAS No.: 9049-76-7
Synonyms: 2-Hydroxypropyl starch
Hydroxypropyl starch (2-Hydroxypropyl starch) is a type of modified starch used as a food additive. Hydroxypropyl starch is not absorbed intact by the gut, but is significantly hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes and then fermented by intestinal microbiota .
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Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
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Cat. No.: HY-N7635
CAS No.: 14162-53-9
Synonyms: β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate
Category:  

Triterpenes other families Terpenoids Other Diseases Amaranthaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Achyranthes bidentata

Target:  

NO Synthase COX Interleukin Related Claudin p38 MAPK Akt PI3K

Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anti-inflammatory effects. In ulcerative colitis models, Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can inhibit the inflammatory response, enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and modulate the gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action is related to the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in the research of diseases such as colitis .
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