Erythrina latissima E. Mey.

4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2.

Astin C (Asterin) is a cyclopeptide that can be extracted from Aster tataricus. Astin C has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Astin C can specifically inhibit the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, block the recruitment of IRF3 to the STING signalosome, and thus inhibit the innate inflammatory response. Astin C can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases and cancers.

Epifriedelanol is a triterpenoid found in the root bark of Ulmus davidiana. Epifriedelanol induces apoptosis in DU145 cells. Epifriedelanol has antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Epifriedelanol inhibits cellular senescence in human primary cells.

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2. IC₅₀ & Target:Nrf2 In Vivo: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6, 12, or 25 mg/kg) increases Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and enhances the activity of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. The protein levels of nuclear Nrf2 are increased by 170% and 230% in pre-treated 12 and 25 mg/kg 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid groups, respectively, compared with the control group.The 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid pretreatment at a final dose of 25 mg/kg markedly and selectively up-regulated the target genes of phase II enzymes and resulted in higher up-regulation than that of the control group by 270%, 400%, and 500% or UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and SULT2A1, respectively. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid also suppresses the expression of CYP2E1.

3,5-O-Dicaffeoyl-1-O-methylquinic acid methyl ester is a Caffeoylquinic acid derivative. 3,5-O-Dicaffeoyl-1-O-methylquinic acid methyl ester can be isolated from Aster tataricus. 3,5-O-Dicaffeoyl-1-O-methylquinic acid methyl ester does not inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production.

Astin J is an acyclic peptide present in the roots of Aster tataricus. Astin J exhibits no antitumor activity.

Sigmoidin B, a prenylated flavanone, is a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Sigmoidin B is a potent scavenger of the DPPH radical. Sigmoidin B has antigenotoxic activity that inhibits genotoxicity induced by Aflatoxin B1 (HY-N6615), with an IC₅₀ of 18.7 μg/mL. Sigmoidin B has anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant properties.

Astin A is an antitumor cyclic pentapeptide. Astin A can be isolated from Aster tataricus.

Astin B is a orally active and potent cyclic pentapeptide, that can be isolated from Aster tataricus. Astin B has hepatotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo and that hepatic injury was primarily mediated by apoptosis in a mitochondria/caspase-dependent manner. Astin B induces autophagy in L-02 cells, increases LC3-II and decreases p62 expression.