Philanthotoxin 74 dihydrochloride
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Philanthotoxin 74 dihydrochloride (PhTx 74) is an AMPAR antagonist; inhibits GluR3 and GluR1 with IC50s of 263 and 296 nM, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.72%
- CAS No.: 1227301-51-0
- Formula: C24H44Cl2N4O3
- Molecular Weight:507.54
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
IC50: 296 nM (GluR1), 296 nM (GluR1)[1]
Ki: 0.29 μM (GluR5Q)[2]
Philanthotoxin 74 in the micromolar concentration range displays selective inhibition between the two major subtypes of GluA2R-containing AMPARs, GluA1/A2R and GluA2R/A3, when these are coexpressed with γ-2 in oocytes. Philanthotoxin 74 is reported to fully inhibit GluA1/A2R receptors when applied at a concentration of 500 μM while producing 10% inhibition at GluA2R/A3 receptors. Philanthotoxin 74, when tested at concentrations of 100 and 500 μM, displays pronounced channel block (more than 80%) of GluA1/A2R but minimal block (less than 10%) of GluA2R/A3. Oocytes expressing GluA2R alone that homomeric GluA2R is virtually inert to philanthotoxin 74 in the 0.1-300 μM concentration range, displaying less than 5% inhibition at the maximum tested concentration of 300 μM. Philanthotoxin 74 inhibits these receptors nonselectively, with IC50 values of about 30 μM, in both the presence and absence of γ-2[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1227301-51-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 507.54
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Formula C24H44Cl2N4O3
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(NCCCCCCCNCCCCN)[C@@H](NC(CCC)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.[H]Cl.[H]Cl
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Synonyms
PhTx 74 dihydrochloride
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (197.03 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 50 mg/mL (98.51 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.93 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.93 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (98.51 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (270 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Poulsen MH, et al. Evaluation of PhTX-74 as subtype-selective inhibitor of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Feb;85(2):261-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kromann H, et al. Solid-phase synthesis of polyamine toxin analogues: potent and selective antagonists of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. J Med Chem. 2002 Dec 19;45(26):5745-54. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9703 mL | 9.8514 mL | 19.7029 mL | 49.2572 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3941 mL | 1.9703 mL | 3.9406 mL | 9.8514 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1970 mL | 0.9851 mL | 1.9703 mL | 4.9257 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1314 mL | 0.6568 mL | 1.3135 mL | 3.2838 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0985 mL | 0.4926 mL | 0.9851 mL | 2.4629 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0788 mL | 0.3941 mL | 0.7881 mL | 1.9703 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0657 mL | 0.3284 mL | 0.6568 mL | 1.6419 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0493 mL | 0.2463 mL | 0.4926 mL | 1.2314 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0394 mL | 0.1970 mL | 0.3941 mL | 0.9851 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0328 mL | 0.1642 mL | 0.3284 mL | 0.8210 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0246 mL | 0.1231 mL | 0.2463 mL | 0.6157 mL | |
| DMSO | 100 mM | 0.0197 mL | 0.0985 mL | 0.1970 mL | 0.4926 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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