Glycosidase Control

Euphomilone D is a rearranged rosane-type diterpenoid with a 7/5/6 fused ring system that can be found in whole plants of Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Euphomilone D exhibits less than 50% inhibition of α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase at 100 μM in preliminary in vitro screening.

Ethyl-3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinate is an ethyl caffeoylquinate (ECQ), and ECQ analogs are potential α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) inhibitors and PTP1B inhibitors. Ethyl-3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinate, which can be isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides, is an isomer of chlorogenic acid (ethyl dicaffeoylquinate).

5,4'-Dihydroxy-3,4,3'-trimethoxybibenzyl (compound 8) can be isolated from Dendrobium infundibulum (D. infundibulum). 5,4'-Dihydroxy-3,4,3'-trimethoxybibenzyl has no inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase.

cis-3-O-Hydroxycinnamoyl-ursolic acid is a cis-cinnamic acid ester derivative. cis-3-O-Hydroxycinnamoyl-ursolic acid exhibits no α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Eleuthoside B is a naphthyl gentiobioside identified from the bulbs of Eleutherine americana. Eleuthoside B has an IC₅₀ >1.00 mM against α-glucosidase, and it is not the main contributor to the antidiabetic (hypoglycemic) activity exhibited by the plant extract.

Euphomilone E is a rearranged rosane-type diterpenoid that can be found in Euphorbia milii. Euphomilone E shows no significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase or β-glucuronidase.

Shimobashiraside D is a dihydrochalcone C-glycoside found in the aerial parts of Keiskea japonica and is inactive against hyaluronidase.

Euphomilone C is a rearranged rosane-type diterpenoid with a 7/5/6 fused tricyclic skeleton that can be found in whole plants of Euphorbia milii Des Moul.