mAChR Antagonist

Mepenzolate bromide is an orally administered muscarinic receptor antagonist with K_is of 0.68 and 2.6 nM for hM2R and hM3R, respectively. Mepenzolate bromide can be used to suppress the gastrointestinal hypermotility associated with irritable bowel syndrome.Mepenzolate bromide is a GPR109A inhibitor.

Arecoline, a naturally brain-penetrant and orally active occurring psychoactive alkaloid, is a partial agonist of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Arecoline exhibits stimulation, alertness, anxiolysis and anti-parasitic effects. Arecoline also can induce oxidative stress.

Propantheline bromide is an orally active mAChR antagonist. Propantheline bromide can be used in the research of smooth muscle dysfunction, excessive sweating, cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines or bladder, and involuntary urination. Propantheline bromide can hardly cross the blood-brain barrier.

Glycopyrrolate (Glycopyrronium bromide), a quaternary ammonium derivative, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Glycopyrrolate has bronchoprotective effect and produces a beneficial effect on blood pressure. Glycopyrrolate can be used for the research of bronchial diseases.

Scopolamine (Hyoscine) hydrobromide trihydrate is a high-affinity muscarinic antagonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate competitively antagonizes 5-HT₃ receptors with an IC₅₀ of 2.09 μM. Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate can induce cognitive and memory deficits in animals. Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate can be used in the research of preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, nervous system diseases, etc.

L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205).

Desfesoterodine (PNU-200577) is a potent and selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with a K_B and a pA₂ of 0.84 nM and 9.14, respectively. Desfesoterodine is a major pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine (PNU-200583; HY-A0024) and Fesoterodine (HY-70053). Desfesoterodine improves cerebral infarction induced detrusor overactivity in rats.

Atropine methyl bromide (Methylatropine bromide), an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), is a quaternary ammonium salt of atropine and an active molecule used for pupil dilation during ophthalmic examinations. Due to its high polarity, it is used to relieve pyloric spasm in infants. It is less likely than atropine to cross the central nervous system.

Pirenzepine (LS 519 free base) is a selective M1 mAChR (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) antagonist, with poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Pirenzepine reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm, can be used in peptic ulcers research. Pirenzepine shows anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells.

Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride is a selective and orally active M₁ muscarinic receptor antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 3.7 nM for rat cerebral cortex M1 muscarinic receptors. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride modulates cholinergic activity, countering acetylcholine supersensitivity in neural pathways. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride improves movement disorder, inhibits McN-A-343 (HY-107648)-induced pressor responses, vagally-induced bradycardia and vasodilatation. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease..

Peimisine (Ebeiensine) is a muscarinic M receptor antagonist and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Peimisine shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive activities. Peimisine can induce apoptosis and be used in cough and asthma research.

Aclidinium Bromide (LAS 34273; LAS-W 330) is a long-acting, inhaled muscarinic antagonist. Aclidinium Bromide has the potential for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.

Racanisodamine is one of the racemic isomers of anisodamine, resembles anisodamine in pharmacological effect. Racanisodamine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, used as a component of eye drops for myopic control.

Tolterodine ((R)-(+)-Tolterodine) is a mAChR inhibitor and substrate for cytochrome P450 enzymes. Tolterodine competitively binds acetylcholine, reduces sympathetic excitation, and inhibits involuntary bladder muscle contraction. Tolterodine restores the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway, mediates protection against inflammatory response and ferroptosis. Tolterodine ameliorates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced reactive oxygen species production and lipid oxidation. Tolterodine can be used for the research of urinary tract infections and overactive bladder.

Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine), a belladonna alkaloid, is a non-subtype-selective muscarinic, and also a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist. Anisodamine employs in traditional Chinese medicine for many ailments, mainly to improve the microcirculation in states of shock, and also in organophosphate poisoning.

Oxybutynin chloride is an oral active and competitive mAChR antagonist with K_is of 14.3 and 5.55 nM for specific [³H]NMS binding in the mouse bladder and cerebral cortex, respectively. Oxybutynin chloride inhibits vascular Kv channels in a manner independent of anticholinergic effect, with an IC₅₀ value of 11.51 μM. Oxybutynin chloride reduces muscle spasm in the bladder and urinary tract, can be used in study of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Oxybutynin (chloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic agent, which inhibits vascular K_v channels in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 11.51 μM. Oxybutynin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

(S,S)-TAPI-1 is an isomer of TAPI-1. TAPI-1 is a TACE (ADAM17) inhibitor and blocks the shedding of several cell surface proteins. TAPI-1 is also a metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.

Tolterodine tartrate (Kabi-2234) is a mAChR inhibitor and substrate for cytochrome P450 enzymes. Tolterodine tartrate competitively binds acetylcholine, reduces sympathetic excitation, and inhibits involuntary bladder muscle contraction. Tolterodine tartrate restores the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway, mediates protection against inflammatory response and ferroptosis. Tolterodine tartrate ameliorates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced reactive oxygen species production and lipid oxidation. Tolterodine tartrate can be used for the research of urinary tract infections and overactive bladder.

Metixene (Piperidine) hydrochloride hydrate is an anticholinergic and antiparkinsonian agent. Metixene hydrochloride hydrate potently inhibits binding of quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) with the muscarinic receptor, IC₅₀ and K_i values of 55 nM and 15 nM, respectively. Metixene hydrochloride hydrate can be used for the research of parkinsonian.