Acinetobactin
Acinetobactin is a bifunctional siderophore secreted by Acinetobacter baumannii that competitively binds ferric iron ions. Acinetobactin supplies A. baumannii by sequestering host-sequestered Fe3+, while competitively depriving skin and respiratory commensal bacteria of iron resources, thereby exerting growth-inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Corynebacterium striatum. The synthesis and transport of Acinetobactin enhance the intracellular epithelial colonization ability of A. baumannii, induce apoptosis of host epithelial cells, and simultaneously improve the survival and invasion capabilities of the bacterium in Galleria mellonella and mouse sepsis models. Acinetobactin can be used in A. baumannii-related research.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 160472-93-5
- Formula: C16H18N4O5
- Molecular Weight:346.34
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Acinetobactin is produced by Acinetobacter baumannii 17978, and specifically diffuses into the inhibition zone of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 only under iron-limiting conditions. It inhibits the growth of Corynebacterium striatum ATCC 6940 and Staphylococcus hominis, exhibits iron ion dependence, and forms a significantly larger inhibition zone under iron-limiting conditions[1].
Acinetobactin is a key factor mediating the inhibition of human Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium striatum ATCC 6940 by Acinetobacter baumannii AB5075 under iron-limiting conditions[1].
Acinetobactin-mediated iron uptake (5 × 103 bacterial cells; 3 h) enables A. baumannii ATCC 19606T to survive within human alveolar epithelial cell line A549, with intracellular CFU counts of the biosynthesis-deficient (s1) and transport-deficient (t6) mutant strains reduced by 2.7-fold and 12-fold, respectively[2].
Acinetobactin-mediated iron uptake is essential for the colonization and survival of A. baumannii ATCC 19606T in the cytoplasm of human alveolar epithelial cell line A549[2].
Acinetobactin-mediated iron uptake enables A. baumannii ATCC 19606T to induce apoptosis in human alveolar epithelial cell line A549[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Acinetobactin (1.7 × 106 - 3.1 × 106 CFU; intraperitoneal injection) mediates an intact iron uptake system that acts as a core essential component for Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T to colonize and induce lethal infection in a mouse sepsis model; impaired biosynthesis of acinetobactin reduces virulence, while impaired transport function abolishes lethal virulence at high inoculum doses[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Galleria mellonella (final-instar larvae, mass 250-350 mg)[2]
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Dosage:1 × 102 CFU; 1 × 105 CFU
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Administration:injection into hemocoel at last left proleg
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Result:Exhibited 2.2-fold and 5.0-fold higher bacterial loads in larvae at 18 h compared to the acinetobactin biosynthesis mutant (s1) and transport mutant (t6), respectively.
Caused > 50% larval death by day 6 at 1 × 105 CFU, while the s1 mutant showed intermediate virulence and the t6 mutant killed significantly fewer larvae.
Caused 20% larval death by day 6 at 1 × 102 CFU, while the s1 and t6 mutants showed no significant killing.
Restored killing rates of both mutants to levels comparable to the parental strain when 100 μM FeCl3 was added to inocula.
Restored comparable low-level killing by all strains when 100 μM FeCl3 was added to inocula at 1 × 102 CFU.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (female, 14-16 weeks old)[2]
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Dosage:ATCC 19606T: 1.7 × 104, 1.0 × 105, 1.9 × 106
s1: 2.0 × 104, 1.0 × 105, 3.0 × 106
t6: 2.9 × 104, 3.5 × 105, 3.1 × 106 -
Administration:i.p.
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Result:Resulted in a median spleen bacterial load of log10 8.6 CFU/g tissue at 16 h postinfection, which was significantly higher than the median loads of log10 7.3 CFU/g (s1 mutant) and log10 5.7 CFU/g (t6 mutant).
Killed all mice by 24 h at 1.9 × 106 CFU, while 66.7% of mice infected with 3.0 × 106 CFU of the s1 mutant died with a mean time to death of 36.0 h, and no mice infected with 3.1 × 106 CFU of the t6 mutant died over 7 days.
Caused 33.3% mortality at 1.0 × 105 CFU and 0% mortality at 1.7 × 104 CFU; all lower inocula of the s1 and t6 mutants caused 0% mortality.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 160472-93-5
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Molecular Weight 346.34
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Formula C16H18N4O5
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SMILES
O=C(C1=C(C(O)=CC=C1)O)N[C@@H]2C(N(O[C@H]2C)CCC3=CN=CN3)=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Knauf GA, et al. Acinetobactin-Mediated Inhibition of Commensal Bacteria by Acinetobacter baumannii. mSphere. 2022 Feb 23;7(1):e0001622. [Content Brief]
[2]. Gaddy JA, et al. Role of acinetobactin-mediated iron acquisition functions in the interaction of Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 19606T with human lung epithelial cells, Galleria mellonella caterpillars, and mice. Infection and immunity. 2012 Mar;80(3):1015-24. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yamamoto S, et al. Isolation and structure elucidation of acinetobactin, a novel siderophore from Acinetobacter baumannii. Archives of microbiology. 1994;162(4):249-54. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Acinetobactin Related Classifications
HY-128526 Related Classifications
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- Acinetobactin
- 160472-93-5
- Endogenous Metabolite
- A. haemolyticus ATCC 17906
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606
- A549 human alveolar epithelial cells
- Corynebacterium striatum
- Galleria mellonella larvae
- Staphylococcus haemolyticus
- Staphylococcus hominis
- nosocomial infections
- human alveolar epithelial cells
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit