Topics

Organoid validation

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cell clusters derived entirely from primary tissues, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

ADC Targets in Oncology

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are characterized to have highly specific targeting ability and potent killing effect, making them a crucial breakthrough in cancer therapy. MCE offers a full range of related products including ADC molecules and antibodies, target antigen.

TNF Superfamily

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of immune-related proteins that regulate diverse cellular functions and are linked to autoimmune, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Its members are key targets in drug development, especially in tumor immunotherapy.

Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) and Cancer Immunotherapy

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) represents a distinct form of strategy in oncology, where dying cancer cells are converted into stimuli that drive long-lasting antitumor immunity (i.

Aβ Deposition: The "First Trigger" in the Pathogenesis of AD and Decoding its Molecular Mechanism

β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is considered a key early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Oxidative Stress as a Contributing Factor and Potential Target in Diabetic Complications

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the biggest concerns for public health, which gives rise to an elevated risk of mortality.

The Cancer-Immunity Cycle: From Mechanism to Molecular Regulation

The cancer-immunity cycle offers a framework illustrating the cascade of anti-cancer immune responses.

Sleep Deprivation: Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Consequences

As humans, we spend nearly one-third of our lives asleep, yet the precise molecular mechanisms and functions of sleep remain incompletely understood.

Protein-Protein Interaction: Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Beyond

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) form complex cellular networks that underpin essential biological processes such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, and DNA repair, and their dysregulation is closely associated with human diseases including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and viral infections.

Cellular Senescence, Aging & Age-Related Diseases

Cellular senescence refers to the irreversible growth arrest that occurs in cells after a period of proliferation in vitro, following sublethal stress or oncogene expression.

Intracellular Calcium Signaling: From Second Messenger to Targeted Therapy

Calcium is an essential element for cellular life activities.

Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD)

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) represents a distinct form of strategy in oncology, where dying cancer cells are converted into stimuli that drive long-lasting antitumor immunity (i.

Necroptosis: A Key Target in Cancer & Beyond Therapeutics

Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with characteristics of both necrosis and apoptosis, triggered by death receptors (e.

Disulfidptosis: A Promising Target For Cancer Management

Disulfidptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death (PCD) defined by actin cytoskeleton collapse triggered by disulfide stress.

Cuproptosis: An Emerging Target In Cancer Therapy

Cuproptosis represents a distinctive regulated cell death mode elicited by mitochondrial copper.

Neuroinflammation: Bridging Immune Activation and Neurodegeneration

The brain, once thought immune-privileged, is now recognized to communicate bidirectionally with the peripheral immune system in health and disease.

Post-Viral Immune Dysregulation & Long COVID

Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, is a multisystem disorder characterized by persistent and often severe symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The Tumor Microenvironment: A Pro-Tumor Niche and Therapeutic Target in Cancer

Cancer is not a single mass of cancer cells, but a complex ecosystem, the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Inflammasomes & Inflammatory Diseases

Inflammasomes, first identified in 2002, are signaling platforms that mediate pathological inflammation and tissue damage.

Cell Death & Disease

Cell death is essential for development, growth, and survival, aiding tissue remodeling and homeostasis by removing unwanted or harmful cells.

DNA Repair Pathways & DDR

The DNA damage response (DDR) is defined as a coordinated cellular network responsible for the recognition, signaling, and repair of DNA damage.

ER Stress: From Cellular Surveillance to Disease Pathogenesis

Proteostasis is the basis of cell survival.

Ferroptosis: A Key Regulator in Cancer Therapy and Beyond

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical player in various physiological and pathological processes.

Drug Repurposing

Nowadays, with the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the research and development of new drugs still have many problems such as high loss, high cost and long research period.

Drug Development Based on Natural Products

Chemical structure of representative natural products approved for clinical use.

Fragment-Based Drug Development

Traditional drug development is mainly through random screening from natural active products or existing compound libraries, which is inefficient and blind.

Drug Discovery Based on Targets and Signaling Pathways

Signal transduction participates in all life activities of cells and has the functions of regulating cell proliferation, metabolism, defense and adaptation.

Drug Screening

Drug screening is the process of testing a large number of compounds to determine whether they produce appropriate biochemical or cellular effects, which is usually an important step in the drug discovery pathway.

Drug Discovery

Figure 1.

NLRP3 In CNS Inflammation: Neutrophils And BBB

NLRP3 is a cytosolic inflammasome sensor that assembles with ASC and caspase-1 after priming and activation signals.

cGAS-STING Pathway: Biology, Activation, And Signaling

The cGAS-STING pathway detects double-stranded DNA in inappropriate cellular locations and converts it into innate immune signaling.

Regulation Networks Of The Blood–Brain Barrier In Neuroinflammation

The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic neurovascular interface rather than an inert wall.

Acute Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology And Inflammatory Networks

Acute pancreatitis begins with injury to pancreatic acinar cells and can progress from a self-limited local illness to systemic inflammation and multiorgan failure.

Inflammation–Immune Microenvironment In Carotid Atherosclerosis

Carotid atherosclerosis is an immune-vascular disease in which retained lipoproteins, disturbed flow, endothelial dysfunction, smooth-muscle remodeling, and innate and adaptive immunity generate plaques that may cause ischemic stroke.

MAIT Cell Biology And Cross-Disease Regulation

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant innate-like T lymphocytes that link microbial metabolism to rapid tissue immunity.

Pathophysiological Framework Of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis

Alcohol-associated hepatitis is an acute inflammatory syndrome within the spectrum of alcohol-associated liver disease, typically arising after sustained heavy alcohol consumption.

Inflammation Mechanisms And Pathology In Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease is defined clinically by progressive motor and nonmotor dysfunction and pathologically by loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and alpha-synuclein-rich inclusions.

UPEC, Antimicrobial Resistance, And Vaccine Targets

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the leading cause of community urinary tract infection, although Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Candida also contribute in specific settings.

Macromolecular Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Platforms And Mechanisms

Macromolecular anti-inflammatory platforms use polymers, proteins, conjugates, hydrogels, or nanoparticles to change where, when, and how an active agent is delivered.

Mechanisms And Phenotypes Of Sepsis-Associated Immunosenescence

Sepsis-associated immunosenescence describes age-like immune dysfunction present in older patients and, in accelerated form, after severe sepsis in younger people.

Neuroendocrine-Immune Axis In Parasitic Infections

Parasitic infection engages an integrated neuroendocrine-immune network rather than an immune response in isolation.

Autophagy And TFEB In TB Immunity

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent pathway that can restrict intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis while maintaining macrophage homeostasis.

Systemic Roles Of NR1I2/PXR In Intestinal Inflammation

Pregnane X receptor, encoded by NR1I2, is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor best known for coordinating xenobiotic metabolism in the liver and intestine.

MIF Axis In Cardiovascular Inflammation

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, or MIF, is a pleiotropic cytokine with atypical chemokine activity that links leukocyte recruitment to cardiovascular inflammation.

Cell-Specific Inflammatory Signaling Regulation For Precision Therapy

Inflammatory disease is produced by signaling networks that differ across cell types even when patients share a clinical diagnosis.

Inflammation Regulation And Bone Healing

Inflammation is indispensable for fracture repair, but its magnitude, location, and duration must be tightly controlled.

Foundations Of Skin Repair Biology And Barriers To Healing

Skin repair is a coordinated restoration of barrier function, vascular supply, connective tissue, and mechanical integrity.

Inhibitory Immune Receptors And Targeted Inflammation Therapy

Inhibitory immune receptors set activation thresholds and prevent protective inflammation from becoming destructive.

Macrophage Phenotypic Regulation Mechanisms In Diseases

Macrophages acquire disease-relevant phenotypes through origin, tissue location, and dynamic environmental signaling.

Applications And Challenges Of cfDNA Fragmentomics

Cell-free DNA fragmentomics extracts biological information from the physical patterns of circulating DNA rather than relying only on nucleotide variants.