Silybin
Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Silybin is a flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds. Silybin induces apoptosis and exhibits hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.93%
- CAS No.: 802918-57-6
- Formula: C25H22O10
- Molecular Weight:482.44
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Silybin
More- Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec 24:150:157740. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156484. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2025 Dec 30:497:146992. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2025 May 31:489:144992. [Abstract]
- Chin Med. 2025 Jun 13;20(1):85. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Apr 24:288:114938. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 15:945:175618. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Feb 5;27(3):1576. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 18;15(1):40609. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Biol. 2025 Dec 8:1-20. [Abstract]
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WB
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IF
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WB
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RT-PCR
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Histological Imaging/Staining
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BV-2 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay
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[PMID: 29407994] |
| DU-145 | IC50 |
93.34 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 cell proliferation assay
Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 cell proliferation assay
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[PMID: 26748997] |
| DU-145 | IC50 |
93.34 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 assay
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[PMID: 27261177] |
| DU-145 | IC50 |
93.34 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay
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[PMID: 28756013] |
| HCT-116 | IC50 |
50 μM
Compound: 53
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Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as decrease in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by tryphan blue staining based cell counter analysis
Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as decrease in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by tryphan blue staining based cell counter analysis
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[PMID: 33445154] |
| Hepatocyte | IC50 |
15 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cytotoxicity after 20 hrs by MTT assay relative to untreated control
Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cytotoxicity after 20 hrs by MTT assay relative to untreated control
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[PMID: 19775895] |
| Hepatocyte | IC50 |
29.9 μM
Compound: silibinin
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Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay
Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes treated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 11277757] |
| Hepatocyte | IC50 |
38.8 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse primary cultured hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay
Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse primary cultured hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 20159656] |
| Hepatocyte | IC50 |
41 μM
Compound: silybin
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Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
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[PMID: 15104485] |
| Hepatocyte | IC50 |
82.4 μM
Compound: silibinin
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Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death dosed administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs
Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death dosed administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs
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[PMID: 11325227] |
| HepG2 | EC50 |
45 μM
Compound: Silybinin
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Hepatoprotective activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of CCl4-induced toxicity after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Hepatoprotective activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of CCl4-induced toxicity after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21459003] |
| HepG2 | EC50 |
75.7 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Hepatoprotective activity against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells after 2 hrs by MTT assay
Hepatoprotective activity against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells after 2 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 19489592] |
| HSC-T6 | EC50 |
18.83 μM
Compound: Silybinin
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Antiproliferative activity against serum-stimulated rat HSC-T6 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against serum-stimulated rat HSC-T6 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21459003] |
| HT-1080 | IC50 |
400 μM
Compound: silibinin
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Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells
Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells
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[PMID: 23953690] |
| HT-22 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 1
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Neuroprotective activity against IAA-induced ischemia in mouse HT22 cells assessed as increase in cell viability cotreated with IAA for 2 hrs followed by IAA wash out measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Neuroprotective activity against IAA-induced ischemia in mouse HT22 cells assessed as increase in cell viability cotreated with IAA for 2 hrs followed by IAA wash out measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 29407994] |
| Huh7.5.1 | CC50 |
80 μM
Compound: 2
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Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells after 72 hrs by ATPlite assay
Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells after 72 hrs by ATPlite assay
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[PMID: 30485098] |
| HUVEC | IC50 |
72.58 μM
Compound: 1, silymarin, diastereomericmixture of A and B
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Cytotoxicity against HUVEC assessed as cell viability after 16 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against HUVEC assessed as cell viability after 16 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21928794] |
| HUVEC | IC50 |
9.99 μM
Compound: 1, silymarin, diastereomericmixture of A and B
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Antiproliferative activity against HUVEC assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 3 days by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against HUVEC assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21928794] |
| L929 | IC50 |
60.4 μg/mL
Compound: Silybin
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Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay
Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 20159656] |
| LNCaP | IC50 |
43.03 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 cell proliferation assay
Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 cell proliferation assay
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[PMID: 26748997] |
| LNCaP | IC50 |
43.03 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 assay
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[PMID: 27261177] |
| LNCaP | IC50 |
43.73 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay
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[PMID: 28756013] |
| MDCK | CC50 |
>800 μM
Compound: 1
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Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 2 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 2 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 20036447] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
72.65 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 cell proliferation assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 cell proliferation assay
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[PMID: 26748997] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
72.65 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by WST-1 assay
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[PMID: 27261177] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
72.65 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay
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[PMID: 28756013] |
| Rat1 | IC50 |
162 μM
Compound: 1, diastereomeric mixture
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Cytotoxicity against rat immortalized Rat1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against rat immortalized Rat1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21737270] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
69.2 μM
Compound: Silybin
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Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha production after 24 hrs by ELISA
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha production after 24 hrs by ELISA
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[PMID: 27765508] |
| SW480 | IC50 |
50 μM
Compound: 53
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Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as decrease in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by tryphan blue staining based cell counter analysis
Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as decrease in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by tryphan blue staining based cell counter analysis
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[PMID: 33445154] |
Silybin (0-200 mM; for 72 hours) has growth inhibition in a time- and dose-dependent manner[1].
Silybin (68 μM; for 72 hours) induces apoptosis and increases the cells in G1-phase of ~22%[1].
Silybin (68 μM; for 72 hours) induces AKT activity inhibition[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cell growth
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Concentration:0-200 mM
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Incubation Time:For 72 hours
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Result:Had growth inhibition in a time- and dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 68 μM.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cell growth
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Concentration:68 μM
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Incubation Time:For 72 hours
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Result:Induced apoptosis in a higher number of cells (60%) when compared to untreated cells.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cell growth
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Concentration:68 μM
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Incubation Time:For 72 hours
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Result:Increased the cells in G1-phase of ~22% and decreased of 47% the cells in S-phase.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cell growth
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Concentration:68 μM
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Incubation Time:For 72 hours
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Result:Induced AKT activity inhibition.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks old) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[2]
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Dosage:50, 100 mg/kg
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Administration:Given intragastrically; daily; for the last 4 weeks
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Result:Significantly lowered both serum and hepatic lipid accumulation.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 802918-57-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 482.44
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Formula C25H22O10
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C2=CC=C(OC(CO)C(C3=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C3)O4)C4=C2)OC5=CC(O)=CC(O)=C15
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Synonyms
Silibinin
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Structure Classification
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (10)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Phytomedicine
Bruceantin inhibits the c-Myc/RL27A axis to suppress tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Dec 24:150:157740. PMID: 41477978 -
Phytomedicine
Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046 -
Food Chem
Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060 -
Food Chem
Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530 -
Chin Med
Senkyunolide I suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by reprogramming VDR-dependent fatty acid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Jun 13;20(1):85. PMID: 40514735
Silybin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chin Med. 2025 Jun 13;20(1):85. [Abstract]
Silybin (SLB: 100 μM). Western blot analysis of α-SMA.
Silybin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chin Med. 2025 Jun 13;20(1):85. [Abstract]
Silybin (SLB: 100 μM). Immunofluorescence analysis of α-SMA.
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J Ethnopharmacol
Silybin B exerts protective effect on cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating DNA damage and apoptosis. [Abstract]2022 Apr 24:288:114938. PMID: 34999144 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Polyunsaturated fatty acids drive neutrophil extracellular trap formation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. [Abstract]2023 Apr 15:945:175618. PMID: 36841284 -
Int J Mol Sci
Dual Targeting of HIF-1α and DLL4 by Isoxanthohumol Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Blockade. [Abstract]2026 Feb 5;27(3):1576. PMID: 41683994 -
Sci Rep
Silibinin mitigates AKI-to-CKD transition via MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in Ischemia-Reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18;15(1):40609. PMID: 41254063
Silybin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 18;15(1):40609. [Abstract]
Silybin (100 mg/kg). Western blot analysis of protein levels of kidney injury markers (Kim-1, NGAL).
Silybin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 18;15(1):40609. [Abstract]
Silybin (20µM; 24 h). qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in each group.
Silybin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 18;15(1):40609. [Abstract]
Silybin (100 mg/kg). H&E staining of kidney tissues from each group.
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Mol Cell Biol
Silybin Improves Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating HDAC6/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling to Reduce Inflammation and Ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 8:1-20. PMID: 41358532
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (51.82 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (20.73 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 10% Tween-80 in Saline
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (20.73 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (392 KB)
- English - EN (392 KB)
- Français - FR (392 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (392 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (392 KB)
- Español - ES (392 KB)
- Swedish - SV (392 KB)
- Italian - IT (392 KB)
- Korean - KR (392 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (392 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Silvia Zappavigna, et al. Silybin-Induced Apoptosis Occurs in Parallel to the Increase of Ceramides Synthesis and miRNAs Secretion in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 3;20(9):2190. [Content Brief]
[2]. Runbin Sun, et al. Silybin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and modulates global metabolism in an NAFLD mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Mar;123:109721. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.0728 mL | 10.3640 mL | 20.7280 mL | 51.8199 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4146 mL | 2.0728 mL | 4.1456 mL | 10.3640 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2073 mL | 1.0364 mL | 2.0728 mL | 5.1820 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1382 mL | 0.6909 mL | 1.3819 mL | 3.4547 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1036 mL | 0.5182 mL | 1.0364 mL | 2.5910 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0829 mL | 0.4146 mL | 0.8291 mL | 2.0728 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0691 mL | 0.3455 mL | 0.6909 mL | 1.7273 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0518 mL | 0.2591 mL | 0.5182 mL | 1.2955 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0415 mL | 0.2073 mL | 0.4146 mL | 1.0364 mL |