C1q

C1q is the recognition subunit of the C1 complex and the initiator of the classical complement pathway. Its distinctive bouquet-like architecture assembles from six copies of a heterotrimer of A, B, and C chains, each ending in a collagen-like stalk and a globular head. The heads bind IgG and IgM in immune complexes, as well as apoptotic cells, C-reactive protein, and various pathogen surfaces, triggering activation of C1r and C1s. Produced mainly by macrophages and dendritic cells, C1q also aids in the clearance of immune debris. Hereditary C1q deficiency is strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.