Desmethyl germinone
Desmethyl germinone (dMGer) is a KL signaling pathway activator that binds to the human HTL/KAI2 receptor with an IC50 of 46.4 nM. Desmethyl germinone induces conformational changes of the receptor by directly binding to the ligand-binding pocket of KAI2/D14L, promotes the interaction of KAI2/D14L with D3/MAX2 and SMAX1, and leads to SMAX1 degradation. Desmethyl germinone induces seed germination and inhibits hypocotyl elongation in an abscisic acid-independent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana, and inhibits mesocotyl elongation and induces the expression of KL-responsive genes in rice. Desmethyl germinone can be used in studies related to seed germination, dormancy, and the KAI2/KL signaling pathway.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 2975602-21-0
- Formula: C16H11NO5
- Molecular Weight:297.26
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Biological Activity
Desmethyl germinone (1-10 μM) directly binds to the ligand-binding pocket of rice D14L, which is evidenced by its concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on dYLG hydrolysis, with nearly complete inhibition achieved at 5-10 μM[1].
Desmethyl germinone (25-250 μM) directly interacts with rice D14L and induces its conformational change, which is evidenced by the dose-dependent decrease in protein unfolding temperature observed in DSF assays[1].
Desmethyl germinone (10 μM) enhances the direct interaction between rice D14L and rice D3 in vitro[1].
Desmethyl germinone (10 μM) enhances the direct interaction between rice D14L and full-length rice OsSMAX1 as well as its D1M domain in vitro, but fails to enhance the weak interaction between rice D14L and the OsSMAX1-D2 domain[1].
Desmethyl germinone (50-250 μM; during DSF ramp) specifically binds to Arabidopsis KAI2 protein, but does not bind to Arabidopsis AtD14 protein[2].
Desmethyl germinone (0.1-1 μM; 7 days) specifically induces the interaction between Arabidopsis KAI2 and SMAX1 proteins in yeast two-hybrid assays, but does not induce the interaction between Arabidopsis AtD14 and SMXL7 proteins[2].
Desmethyl germinone (1 h) inhibits AtD14-dependent YLG hydrolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana with an IC50 of 162 nM; it also inhibits KAI2-dependent dMYLG hydrolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana with an IC50 of 46.4 nM, indicating that it has a higher binding affinity for KAI2 than for AtD14[2].
Desmethyl germinone (0.1-10 µM; solid agarose medium, liquid Hoagland solution, liquid induction medium; continuous exposure, 6-hour exposure, 2-hour exposure; 2-8 days) is a potent, D14L-dependent KAI2 ligand analog in rice, which inhibits mesocotyl elongation, induces dose-dependent upregulation of KL response marker genes DLK2B and OsKUF1, and promotes OsSMAX1 protein degradation[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Rice WT and d14l calli
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Concentration:1 μM (WT); 1 μM, 10 μM (d14l)
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Incubation Time:2 h
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Result:Markedly reduced OsSMAX1 protein levels in WT calli.
Had no effect on OsSMAX1 levels in d14l mutant calli at either 1 μM or 10 μM.
(−)-GR24 (1 μM in WT, 10 μM in d14l) also reduced OsSMAX1 but with weaker effect than dMGer.
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Cell Line:Recombinant GST-D14L and MBP-D3 proteins
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Concentration:10 μM
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Incubation Time:1 h incubation + 1.5 h binding at 4°C
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Result:Enhanced the protein-protein interaction between D14L and D3.
(−)-GR24 (10 μM) had no effect on the D14L-D3 interaction.
Enhanced the interaction between D14L and full-length OsSMAX1.
Enhanced the interaction between D14L and OsSMAX1-D1M domain.
Did not enhance the interaction between D14L and OsSMAX1-D2 domain.
D14L strongly bound to OsSMAX1-D1M (enhanced by dMGer), but barely bound to D53-D1M.
D14 strongly bound to D53-D2 (enhanced by (+)-GR24), but weakly bound to OsSMAX1 domains.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Nipponbare (wild-type); d14l-c1, d14l-c2, d14l-1 (d14l mutant lines)[1]
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Dosage:0.1-10 µM (mesocotyl elongation; marker gene expression; protein stability)
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Administration:incorporated into solid agarose medium; continuous exposure; 8 days (mesocotyl elongation); added to liquid Hoagland solution; 6-hour exposure (marker gene expression); added to liquid induction medium; 2-hour exposure (protein stability)
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Result:Suppressed wild-type rice seedling mesocotyl elongation significantly compared to mock controls, with no effect in d14l mutant seedlings.
Induced dose-dependent expression of KL-responsive marker genes DLK2B and OsKUF1 in wild-type seedlings; at 0.1, 1, 10 µM, induced higher DLK2B expression than (−)-GR24, and at 1 and 10 µM, induced higher OsKUF1 expression than (−)-GR24, with no induction observed in d14l mutants treated with 10 µM dMGer.
Caused a marked reduction in OsSMAX1 protein levels in wild-type calli within 2 hours, with a stronger effect than 1 µM (−)-GR24; OsSMAX1 levels remained unchanged in d14l mutants treated with 1 µM or 10 µM dMGer.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2975602-21-0
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Molecular Weight 297.26
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Formula C16H11NO5
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SMILES
O=C1OC(C=C1)OC2=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C=C2
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Synonyms
dMGer
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Tanaka K, et al. In vitro evaluation of protein-protein interactions in the rice KAI2 ligand signaling complex. Plant physiology. 2026 Jun 02;201(2):kiag325. [Content Brief]
[2]. Okabe S, et al. Desmethyl type germinone, a specific agonist for the HTL/KAI2 receptor, induces the Arabidopsis seed germination in a gibberellin-independent manner. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2023 Mar 15;649:110-117. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)