Desmethyl germinone
Desmethyl germinone (dMGer) is a KL signaling pathway activator that binds to the human HTL/KAI2 receptor with an IC50 of 46.4 nM. Desmethyl germinone induces conformational changes of the receptor by directly binding to the ligand-binding pocket of KAI2/D14L, promotes the interaction of KAI2/D14L with D3/MAX2 and SMAX1, and leads to SMAX1 degradation. Desmethyl germinone induces seed germination and inhibits hypocotyl elongation in an abscisic acid-independent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana, and inhibits mesocotyl elongation and induces the expression of KL-responsive genes in rice. Desmethyl germinone can be used in studies related to seed germination, dormancy, and the KAI2/KL signaling pathway.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 2975602-21-0
- Formula: C16H11NO5
- Molecular Weight:297.26
-
Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Desmethyl germinone (1-10 μM) directly binds to the ligand-binding pocket of rice D14L, which is evidenced by its concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on dYLG hydrolysis, with nearly complete inhibition achieved at 5-10 μM[1].
Desmethyl germinone (25-250 μM) directly interacts with rice D14L and induces its conformational change, which is evidenced by the dose-dependent decrease in protein unfolding temperature observed in DSF assays[1].
Desmethyl germinone (10 μM) enhances the direct interaction between rice D14L and rice D3 in vitro[1].
Desmethyl germinone (10 μM) enhances the direct interaction between rice D14L and full-length rice OsSMAX1 as well as its D1M domain in vitro, but fails to enhance the weak interaction between rice D14L and the OsSMAX1-D2 domain[1].
Desmethyl germinone (50-250 μM; during DSF ramp) specifically binds to Arabidopsis KAI2 protein, but does not bind to Arabidopsis AtD14 protein[2].
Desmethyl germinone (0.1-1 μM; 7 days) specifically induces the interaction between Arabidopsis KAI2 and SMAX1 proteins in yeast two-hybrid assays, but does not induce the interaction between Arabidopsis AtD14 and SMXL7 proteins[2].
Desmethyl germinone (1 h) inhibits AtD14-dependent YLG hydrolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana with an IC50 of 162 nM; it also inhibits KAI2-dependent dMYLG hydrolysis in Arabidopsis thaliana with an IC50 of 46.4 nM, indicating that it has a higher binding affinity for KAI2 than for AtD14[2].
Desmethyl germinone (0.1-10 µM; solid agarose medium, liquid Hoagland solution, liquid induction medium; continuous exposure, 6-hour exposure, 2-hour exposure; 2-8 days) is a potent, D14L-dependent KAI2 ligand analog in rice, which inhibits mesocotyl elongation, induces dose-dependent upregulation of KL response marker genes DLK2B and OsKUF1, and promotes OsSMAX1 protein degradation[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
-
Cell Line:Rice WT and d14l calli
-
Concentration:1 μM (WT); 1 μM, 10 μM (d14l)
-
Incubation Time:2 h
-
Result:Markedly reduced OsSMAX1 protein levels in WT calli.
Had no effect on OsSMAX1 levels in d14l mutant calli at either 1 μM or 10 μM.
(−)-GR24 (1 μM in WT, 10 μM in d14l) also reduced OsSMAX1 but with weaker effect than dMGer.
-
Cell Line:Recombinant GST-D14L and MBP-D3 proteins
-
Concentration:10 μM
-
Incubation Time:1 h incubation + 1.5 h binding at 4°C
-
Result:Enhanced the protein-protein interaction between D14L and D3.
(−)-GR24 (10 μM) had no effect on the D14L-D3 interaction.
Enhanced the interaction between D14L and full-length OsSMAX1.
Enhanced the interaction between D14L and OsSMAX1-D1M domain.
Did not enhance the interaction between D14L and OsSMAX1-D2 domain.
D14L strongly bound to OsSMAX1-D1M (enhanced by dMGer), but barely bound to D53-D1M.
D14 strongly bound to D53-D2 (enhanced by (+)-GR24), but weakly bound to OsSMAX1 domains.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
-
Animal Model:Nipponbare (wild-type); d14l-c1, d14l-c2, d14l-1 (d14l mutant lines)[1]
-
Dosage:0.1-10 µM (mesocotyl elongation; marker gene expression; protein stability)
-
Administration:incorporated into solid agarose medium; continuous exposure; 8 days (mesocotyl elongation); added to liquid Hoagland solution; 6-hour exposure (marker gene expression); added to liquid induction medium; 2-hour exposure (protein stability)
-
Result:Suppressed wild-type rice seedling mesocotyl elongation significantly compared to mock controls, with no effect in d14l mutant seedlings.
Induced dose-dependent expression of KL-responsive marker genes DLK2B and OsKUF1 in wild-type seedlings; at 0.1, 1, 10 µM, induced higher DLK2B expression than (−)-GR24, and at 1 and 10 µM, induced higher OsKUF1 expression than (−)-GR24, with no induction observed in d14l mutants treated with 10 µM dMGer.
Caused a marked reduction in OsSMAX1 protein levels in wild-type calli within 2 hours, with a stronger effect than 1 µM (−)-GR24; OsSMAX1 levels remained unchanged in d14l mutants treated with 1 µM or 10 µM dMGer.
Chemical Information
-
CAS No. 2975602-21-0
-
Molecular Weight 297.26
-
Formula C16H11NO5
-
SMILES
O=C1OC(C=C1)OC2=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C=C2
-
Synonyms
dMGer
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocols
-
RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
-
Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Tanaka K, et al. In vitro evaluation of protein-protein interactions in the rice KAI2 ligand signaling complex. Plant physiology. 2026 Jun 02;201(2):kiag325. [Content Brief]
[2]. Okabe S, et al. Desmethyl type germinone, a specific agonist for the HTL/KAI2 receptor, induces the Arabidopsis seed germination in a gibberellin-independent manner. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2023 Mar 15;649:110-117. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)