Histological Analysis

Nile Blue A (Nile blue sulfate) is used to differentiate melanins and lipofuscins. It is also useful for staining fats and preparation of an amperometric glucose sensor.

Safranin (Safranin T) is an important and classical phenazinium dye. Safranin has been extensively used in the academic field as a spectroscopic probe and indicator. Safranin possesses a planar structure and cationic charge. Safranin can readily intercalate into biological macromolecules, including DNA and proteins. Safranin has antibacterial effects against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). Safranin can be used as a redox indicator in the determination of metal ion concentration.

RT-AM is a pro-agent real thiol. Real Thiol is a reversible reaction-based fluorescent probe which can quantitatively monitor the real-time glutathione dynamics in living cells.

Real Thiol is a reversible reaction-based fluorescent probe which can quantitatively monitor the real-time glutathione dynamics in living cells.

Azure A chloride is a phenothiazine dye. Azure A chloride is an alternative DNA dye used for the separation of DNA and protein fragments in agarose gel electrophoresis and PAGE. Azure A chloride can be chemisorbed on the surface of mild steel according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm to form a protective film. Azure A chloride binds to double-stranded DNA in a non-cooperative manner via weak intercalation, triggering molecular conformational disturbance, restricted rotational motion, and changes in optical activity.

GNE-371 is a potent and selective chemical probe for the second bromodomains of human transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1 and transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1-like, with an IC₅₀ of 10 nM for TAF1(2).

NR12S is a fluorescent probe that specifically binds to the outer leaflet of membranes. NR12S exhibits phase-sensitive red edge excitation shift, emission wavelength shift and lifetime changes, which depend on membrane phase, cholesterol content and lipid acyl chain properties. NR12S can be used to study cholesterol and lipid order in biological membranes.

Oxazine 170 perchlorate is a laser dye with a wide excitation spectrum range (300−550 nm), which strongly absorbs light with a wavelength greater than 550 nm, and it emits fluorescence with a wavelength of about 645 nm.

9-Fluorenylmethyl carbazate is used as a fluorophore reagent for a fluorimetric detection of glycans.

ANS ammonium is a potent antibacterial agent and a textile dye. ANS ammonium can be used as fluorescence probe. ANS ammonium blocks the binding of triiodothyronine to thyroxine binding globulin in radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine.

8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium (APTS) is an anionic fluorescent dye (excitation/emission: 425/503 nm in pH 7.4 PBS). The fluorescence intensity of 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium remains stable at pH 4-10. 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium retains its fluorescence properties when immobilized in a hydrogel by copolymerization. 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium can be used for glucose sensing.

Sudan III is a hydrophobic bisazo dye.

Solvent Blue 35 (Sudan Blue II) is a blue solvent dye that can be used to mark specific diesel fuels, among other things.

Fast red TR salt hemi zinc chloride is an aryl diazonium salt and chromogenic coupling reagent. Fast red TR salt hemi zinc chloride couples with α-Naphthol released by hydrolysis of α-naphthyl phosphate to form an azo dye complex with maximum absorption at 410 nm and 540 nm. Fast red TR salt hemi zinc chloride supports the chromogenic reaction in spectrophotometric detection of serum acid phosphatase activity.

Sudan IV is an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that activates downstream signaling pathways and induces CYP1A1 expression. Sudan IV promotes CYP1A1 gene transcription by activating AhR-ARNT heterodimers and binding to exogenous response elements (XREs) on DNA, thereby enhancing drug metabolizing enzyme activity. Sudan IV can be used to study the toxicity mechanisms of industrial dyes and the effects of interactions with serum proteins (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA)) on their distribution in vivo. Sudan IV is a fat-soluble diazo dye that can be used to stain lipids, triglycerides, and lipoproteins on frozen sections.

Pararosaniline hydrochloride (Basic red 9) is a pH-responsive basic dye, as a biological stain to track certain proteins. The pH of the acidified Pararosaniline hydrochloride reagent has a significant effect on the color and the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of the reaction system, with its optimum pH 0.48 and a λmax at 549 nm. Pararosaniline hydrochloride is also a strong modifier of RNA splicing. Pararosaniline hydrochloride has been used in the analysis of SO₂ and formaldehyde and staining of bacteria or other organisms. Pararosaniline hydrochloride is extensively used in industries like textile, printing, paper, cosmetic, and leather.

Nuclear Fast Red, an anthraquinone dye, is commonly used in conjunction with an excess of aluminum ions as a red nuclear counterstain. Nuclear fast red has been used as a histochemical and colorimetric reagent for calcium. Nuclear fast red as highly sensitive "off/on" fluorescent probe for detecting guanine.

Bromothymol Blue is a pH indicator.

Patent Blue V calcium salt is a triarylmethane dye used for tissue staining and lymphatic tracing, mainly applied by topical injection or eye drops. Patent Blue V calcium salt has affinity for specific tissues (such as corneal endothelium, lymphatic system), and stains the target structure by adsorption or binding, assisting in precise operation during surgery. Patent Blue V calcium salt is mainly used in ophthalmic surgery (such as graft staining for Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty) and lymphatic drainage localization for sentinel lymph node biopsy of tumors.

Eosin 5-isothiocyanate is an orange-red fluorescent and phosphorescent probe that reacts with amino groups. Eosin 5-isothiocyanate also acts as a photocatalyst. Eosin 5-isothiocyanate can be used for protein labeling, investigation of molecular rotational diffusion, and serves as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptor.