Caramboxin
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Caramboxin is a phenylalanine-like α-amino acid neurotoxin found in star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) with glutamatergic ionotropic action. Caramboxin activates NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors while inhibiting GABA binding to synaptic membranes, shifting the CNS toward an excitatory state and exerting neurotoxic effects linked to star fruit ingestion. Caramboxin can be used for research on neurotoxicity and as a reference standard for toxicological studies.
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- Pureza : 99.62%
- No. CAS: 1531600-36-8
- Fòrmula: C11H13NO6
- Peso molecular:255.22
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Almacenamiento:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Actividad biológica
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Chemical Information
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Solvente y solubilidad
- Pureza y Documentación
- Referencias
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Help & FAQs
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Actividad biológica
Descripciòn
In Vivo
Chemical Information
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No. CAS 1531600-36-8
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Appearance Solid
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Peso molecular 255.22
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Fòrmula C11H13NO6
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SMILES
OC([C@@H](N)CC1=C(C(O)=CC(OC)=C1)C(O)=O)=O
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvente y solubilidad
In Vitro:
DMSO : 10 mg/mL (39.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.92 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.92 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Pureza y Documentación
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Ficha de datos (275 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias
[1]. Derrien B, et al. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Neurotoxin Caramboxin. The Journal of organic chemistry. 2024 May 03;89(9):6489-6493. [Content Brief]
[2]. Yasawardene P, et.al. Seneviratne SL. Mechanisms of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) toxicity: A mini-review. Toxicon. 2020 Nov;187:198-202. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.9182 mL | 19.5909 mL | 39.1819 mL | 97.9547 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7836 mL | 3.9182 mL | 7.8364 mL | 19.5909 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3918 mL | 1.9591 mL | 3.9182 mL | 9.7955 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2612 mL | 1.3061 mL | 2.6121 mL | 6.5303 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1959 mL | 0.9795 mL | 1.9591 mL | 4.8977 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1567 mL | 0.7836 mL | 1.5673 mL | 3.9182 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1306 mL | 0.6530 mL | 1.3061 mL | 3.2652 mL |
Caramboxin Related Classifications
HY-167822 Related Classifications
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