Apocynin
Based on 32 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM. Apocynin improves acute lung inflammation in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy mice model. Apocynin can also be used for cancer research. Apocynin reverses the aging process in mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenesis and increases bone mass.
商品は「研究用試薬」です。人や動物の医療用・臨床診断用・食品用の製品ではありません。
研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度: 99.93%
- CAS 番号: 498-02-2
- 分子式: C9H10O3
- 分子量:166.18
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保管条件:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
MedChemExpress(MCE)の使用を引用している文献 Apocynin
More- Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 17;15(1):5170. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Mar;13(16):e13310. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 21:e00950. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Med. 2021 Sep;53(9):1307-1318. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 22;11(34):eadw6926. [Abstract]
- Small. 2025 Mar;21(12):e2408139. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2018 May;15:418-434. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2023 Dec:198:107009. [Abstract]
- Mol Biomed. 2023 Nov 3;4(1):38. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Jan 7;23(1):8. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 May 1:167:181-192. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jul;151:113098. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Jan;121:109615. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;15(4):887-901. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Oct 28;16(1):584. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2026 Jun 22:117579. [Abstract]
- Atherosclerosis. 2021 Jun:327:76-86. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2022 Jul 22;5(1):726. [Abstract]
- Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Jun 11:15:1540634. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115862. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Sep 23:162:115163. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 May 30:160:114984. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Jun 5;876:173058. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2023 Dec;27(23):3911-3927. [Abstract]
- J Hypertens. 2024 Apr 23. [Abstract]
- J Cell Commun Signal. 2026 Apr 30:20:e70071. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 29;7(1):9873. [Abstract]
- J Cancer. 2025 Jan 13;16(4):1324-1334. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jun 25:559:191-196. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 1.
- Res Sq. 2024 Sep 12:rs.3.rs-5065904. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Sep.
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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WB
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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RT-PCR
生物活性
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutrophil | IC50 |
3.9 μM
Compound: Apocynin
|
Antioxidant activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of oxidative burst-induced ROS production by chemiluminescence assay
Antioxidant activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of oxidative burst-induced ROS production by chemiluminescence assay
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[PMID: 24588269] |
Apocynin (100 μM; 1-7, 14 days) shows a significant increase in the expression level of an osteogenic marker in the aging BMSCs after osteogenic induction[3].
Apocynin (1, 10, 100 μM, 0-48h ) has selective inhibition the proliferation and adhesion to fibronectin of v-H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells[4].
Apocynin (1, 10, 100 μM; 3, 6, 12 h) decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in HR-3Y1-2 but not 3Y1 cells. [4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)
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Concentration:100 μM
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Incubation Time:1-7,14 days
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Result:Increased the expression levels of the “stemness markers” Nanog and Oct-4.
Decreased the expression levels of p53, p21 and p16 at both the mRNA level and protein level.
Increased the expression of sox-2 and klf-4 by 82.4% and 38.7%, respectively, compared with the negative control group.
Reduced the expression of NADPH oxidase by 66.5% compared with the negative control.
Had no change in the cell cycle or proliferation.
Ddecreased the percentage of SA-β –gal-positive (green-stained) cells was by 42.5%.
Increased the expression levels of four pivotal osteogenic markers (Runx2, OSX, Ocn, and Col1).
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Cell Line:HR-3Y1-2, 3Y1 cells
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Concentration:0, 1, 10, or 100 μM
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Incubation Time:48h
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Result:Inhibited the proliferation of HR-3Y1-2 but not 3Y1 cells at 10μM and 100μM.
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Cell Line:HR-3Y1-2, 3Y1 cells
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Concentration:0, 1, 10, or 100 μM
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Incubation Time:24, 36, 48 h
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Result:Selectively down-regulated 1-integrin cell surface expression on the HR-3Y1-2 cells.
Decreased adhesion of HR-3Y1-2 cells to fibronectin-coated plates.
Apocynin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces the degree of lung injury and attenuates the degree of acute inflammation in the Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy mice[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:SAMP6 mouse model (Pharmacokinetic assay)[3]
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Dosage:0.1 mg/kg/day
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), three times per week, for 3 months
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Result:Showed a higher bone value and exhibited a lower percentage of SA-β -gal positive cells than the control group.
Increased the expression of Ki67 and Oct-4 mRNA.
Altered the osteoblast-osteoclast balance in bone and promoted the activity of osteoblasts.
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Animal Model:Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy in male adult CD1 mice [5]
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Dosage:5 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
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Result:Blocked NADPH oxidase activation and attenuated neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation in the lung tissue.
Reduced the degree of PARP activation and the degree of IL-1b expression.
Prevented carrageenan-induced IkB-a degradation and reduced the levels of NF-kB p65.
Attenuated this iNOS expression,reduced the degree of positive staining for Fas ligand in the lung tissues.
Inhibited cells apoptosis in carrageenan-treated mice.
Prevented Bax expression and reduced the degree of positive staining for Bax.
Attenuated carrageenan-induced inhibition of Bcl-2 expression and the loss of positive staining for Bcl-2 in mice subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy.
Reduced the level of pERK1/2 and p38 expression.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
化学情報
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CAS 番号 498-02-2
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性状 Solid
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分子量 166.18
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分子式 C9H10O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CC(C1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1)=O
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別名
Acetovanillone; 4′-ヒドロキシ-3′-メトキシアセトフェノン
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (32)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
NCF4 attenuates colorectal cancer progression by modulating inflammasome activation and immune surveillance. [Abstract]2024 Jun 17;15(1):5170. PMID: 38886341 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2026 Mar;13(16):e13310. PMID: 41589654 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
The CXCL10-CXCR3 Axis Induces Tumor-Associated Neutrophils to Interfere with CTLs-Mediated Antitumor Activity in EBV-Associated Epithelial Cancers. [Abstract]2025 Jul 21:e00950. PMID: 40686457 -
Exp Mol Med
TAZ as a novel regulator of oxidative damage in decidualization via Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. [Abstract]2021 Sep;53(9):1307-1318. PMID: 34497345
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Exp Mol Med. 2021 Sep;53(9):1307-1318. [Abstract]
Apocynin attenuated the increase of intracellular O2− level by TAZ siRNA.
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Exp Mol Med. 2021 Sep;53(9):1307-1318. [Abstract]
Apocynin treatment reversed the repression of TAZ siRNA on stromal cell differentiation under OS.
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Sci Adv
Liver regeneration-associated hepatocellular YAP1 activation prevents colorectal cancer liver metastasis through glutamine competition. [Abstract]2025 Aug 22;11(34):eadw6926. PMID: 40845109
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 22;11(34):eadw6926. [Abstract]
NADPH levels in MC38 cells treated with/without Apocynin (10 μM).
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 22;11(34):eadw6926. [Abstract]
WB analysis of YAP1 and YAP1S127 levels in MC38 cells treated with Apocynin (10 μM).
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Small
2025 Mar;21(12):e2408139. PMID: 40012250 -
Redox Biol
Blocking mitochondrial cyclophilin D ameliorates TSH-impaired defensive barrier of artery. [Abstract]2018 May;15:418-434. PMID: 29353219
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2018 May;15:418-434. [Abstract]
DPH oxidase inhibitor attenuates TSH-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. NADPH oxidase inhibitor (Apocynin, 100 μM) is used to confirm the effects of NADPH oxidase activation in TSH-induced intracellular oxidative stress.
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Pharmacol Res
Histone deacetylase 9 exacerbates podocyte injury in hyperhomocysteinemia through epigenetic repression of Klotho. [Abstract]2023 Dec:198:107009. PMID: 37995896 -
Mol Biomed
Phosphopeptides P140 cause oxidative burst responses of pulmonary macrophages in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. [Abstract]2023 Nov 3;4(1):38. PMID: 37922035
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Biomed. 2023 Nov 3;4(1):38. [Abstract]
We examined the histopathological changes in the tissue sections by performing the HE staining assay. We found the inflammatory nuclei number reduced in the lung sections after the combined application of P140 and Apocynin.
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Cell Commun Signal
Autophagy mediated by ROS-AKT-FoxO pathway is required for intestinal regeneration in echinoderms. [Abstract]2025 Jan 7;23(1):8. PMID: 39762855 -
Free Radic Biol Med
C-C motif ligand 8 promotes atherosclerosis via NADPH oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial permeability increase. [Abstract]2021 May 1:167:181-192. PMID: 33741452
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 May 1:167:181-192. [Abstract]
Western Blots show that ZO-1 is significantly recovered with pretreatment of Apocynin and pathway inhibitors compared with CCL8 treatment alone. The result shows that with pretreatment of Apocynin, the increased phosphorylation p65 level induced by CCL8 is significantly weakened.
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Biomed Pharmacother
Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides attenuate uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-induced pyroptosis in macrophage cells. [Abstract]2022 Jul;151:113098. PMID: 35594714 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Convallatoxin induces HaCaT cell necroptosis and ameliorates skin lesions in psoriasis-like mouse models. [Abstract]2020 Jan;121:109615. PMID: 31707343 -
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
Vitamin D receptor activation targets ROS-mediated crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes in cholestasis mice. [Abstract]2023;15(4):887-901. PMID: 36280140 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit mitochondrial fission by upregulating armadillo repeat containing 1, ameliorating oxidative stress in renal fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 28;16(1):584. PMID: 41153008 -
Cell Rep
Mrgpra2+ neutrophils integrate infection-derived signals to trigger NET-mediated antimicrobial defense in bone marrow. [Abstract]2026 Jun 22:117579. PMID: 42330955 -
Atherosclerosis
2021 Jun:327:76-86. PMID: 33994201 -
Commun Biol
mTOR contributes to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by promoting eNOS expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. [Abstract]2022 Jul 22;5(1):726. PMID: 35869262 -
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Veillonella parvula outer membrane vesicles increase ICAM-1+ neutrophils exhibiting elevated NET formation via ROS-PAD4 signaling. [Abstract]2025 Jun 11:15:1540634. PMID: 40568695 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and NETosis ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac injury and reduces myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115862. PMID: 41248570 -
Int Immunopharmacol
NOX2-mediated reactive oxygen species contribute to angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting cardiomyocyte autophagy via Atg4B S-glutathionylation modification. [Abstract]2025 Sep 23:162:115163. PMID: 40618504 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Mitophagy-mtROS axis contributes to anti-tuberculosis-induced liver injury through activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in rat hepatocytes. [Abstract]2025 May 30:160:114984. PMID: 40449272 -
Eur J Pharmacol
DUOX2, a common modulator in preventive effects of monoamine-based antidepressants on water immersion restraint stress- and indomethacin- induced gastric mucosal damage. [Abstract]2020 Jun 5;876:173058. PMID: 32131022 -
J Cell Mol Med
Apocynin exerts cytoprotective effects on dexamethasone-induced osteoblasts by inhibiting oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signalling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Dec;27(23):3911-3927. PMID: 37749949 -
J Hypertens
Asprosin contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats via superoxide signaling. [Abstract]2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38690935 -
J Cell Commun Signal
P2X7 receptors promote atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation susceptibility via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activation. [Abstract]2026 Apr 30:20:e70071. PMID: 42078487 -
Sci Rep
A novel chalcone derivative S17 induces apoptosis through ROS dependent DR5 up-regulation in gastric cancer cells. [Abstract]2017 Aug 29;7(1):9873. PMID: 28852176 -
J Cancer
Matrix stiffness regulates NPC invasiveness by modulating a mechanoresponsive TRPV4-Nox4-IL-8 signaling axis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 13;16(4):1324-1334. PMID: 39895789 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2021 Jun 25:559:191-196. PMID: 33945997 -
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Res Sq
BMP receptor 2 inhibition regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics to induce synergistic cell death with BCL-2 inhibitors in leukemia and NSLC cells. [Abstract]2024 Sep 12:rs.3.rs-5065904. PMID: 39315260 -
溶剤 & 溶解度
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (601.76 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 3.33 mg/mL (20.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
純度とドキュメンテーション
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データシート (284 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Stefanska J, et al. Mediators Inflamm, 2008, 106507. [Content Brief]
[2]. Stolk J,et al. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1994, 11(1), 95-102. [Content Brief]
[3]. Sun J, et.al. Apocynin suppression of NADPH oxidase reverses the aging process in mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenesis and increase bone mass. Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 21;5:18572. [Content Brief]
[4]. Yamasaki M, et.al. Selective inhibition by apocynin of the proliferation and adhesion to fibronectin of v-H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76(6):1177-81. [Content Brief]
[5]. Impellizzeri D et al. Effect of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on acute lung inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 1;81(5):636-48. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 6.0176 mL | 30.0879 mL | 60.1757 mL | 150.4393 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2035 mL | 6.0176 mL | 12.0351 mL | 30.0879 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6018 mL | 3.0088 mL | 6.0176 mL | 15.0439 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4012 mL | 2.0059 mL | 4.0117 mL | 10.0293 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3009 mL | 1.5044 mL | 3.0088 mL | 7.5220 mL | |
| DMSO | 25 mM | 0.2407 mL | 1.2035 mL | 2.4070 mL | 6.0176 mL |
| 30 mM | 0.2006 mL | 1.0029 mL | 2.0059 mL | 5.0146 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1504 mL | 0.7522 mL | 1.5044 mL | 3.7610 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1204 mL | 0.6018 mL | 1.2035 mL | 3.0088 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1003 mL | 0.5015 mL | 1.0029 mL | 2.5073 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0752 mL | 0.3761 mL | 0.7522 mL | 1.8805 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0602 mL | 0.3009 mL | 0.6018 mL | 1.5044 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.