Isotope-Labeled Fatty Esters

DL-Carnitine-d9 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled (±)-Carnitine. (±)-Carnitine chloride exists in two isomers, known as D and L. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and also shows antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-2 (hydrochloride) is a deuterated Acetyl-L-carnitine. Acetyl-L-carnitine is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

(R)-Acetylcarnitine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled (R)-Acetylcarnitine.

Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d₉ (chloride) is deuterium labeled Palmitoyl-L-carnitine (chloride).

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₉ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₉) is deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine. Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine) is a compound involved in human metabolic research. It has relevant applications in predicting metabolite biomarker changes using the Recon 2 metabolic reconstruction model and integrating and analyzing multiple data types, but its specific activity mechanism is not described in detail based on the existing information.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine-d₉ is deuterium labeled L-Palmitoylcarnitine. L-Palmitoylcarnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia. L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits K_ATP channel activity, without affecting the single channel conductance, through interaction with Kir6.2.

(±)-Butyrylcarnitine-d₉ is deuterium labeled (±)-Butyrylcarnitine.

Methyl 2-methylbutyrate-d3 is deuterated labeled Methyl 2-methylbutyrate.

2-Methylbutyl isobutyrate-d₇ is deuterated labeled 2-Methylbutyl isobutyrate.

5-Octyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one-d₂ is deuterated labeled OTNE.

Isopentyl isobutyrate-d₇ is deuterated labeled Isopentyl isobutyrate.

γ-Octalactone-d₇ is deuterated labeled γ-Octalactone (HY-W017562). γ-Octalactone is an aromatic lactone compound. γ-Octalactone has a strong fruity (similar to coconut) aroma and a sweet taste, and is commonly used in food, cosmetics and fragrances. γ-Octalactone is highly safe.

γ-Nonanolactone-d₄ is deuterated labeled γ-Nonanolactone.

Methyl 2-Octynoate-d₅ is deuterated labeled Methyl 2-Octynoate (HY-W013576). Methyl 2-Octynoate is a hapten.

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate-¹³C₂ is ¹³C labeled Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate.

6-Heptyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one-d₂ is deuterated labeled 6-Heptyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride, a fatty ester lipid molecule, is an endogenous metabolite. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride can be used as PKC inhibitor. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride accumulates in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes mouse. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride inhibits lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in rat and rabbits plasma. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride acts as a metabolomics biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Stearoylcarnitine. Stearoylcarnitine, a fatty ester lipid molecule, is an endogenous metabolite. Stearoylcarnitine can be used as PKC inhibitor. Stearoylcarnitine accumulates in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes mouse. Stearoylcarnitine inhibits lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in rat and rabbits plasma. Stearoylcarnitine acts as a metabolomics biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Stearoylcarnitine is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2.

9-PAHSA-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

9-PAHSA-d₃₁ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.