Cat. No.: HY-105129

Pimonidazole hydrochloride

9 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Pimonidazole is a novel hypoxia marker for complementary study of tumor hypoxia and cell proliferation in tumor. Pimonidazole accumulates in hypoxic cells via covalent binding with macromolecules or by forming reductive metabolites after reduction of its nitro group, it can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumor hypoxia .

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.98%
CAS No.: 70132-51-3
Formula: C₁₁H₁₉ClN₄O₃
Molecular Weight:290.75

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Pimonidazole hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 70132-51-3

Size

Price

Stock

Quantity

Amount: USD 0.00

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (9)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Pimonidazole is a novel hypoxia marker for complementary study of tumor hypoxia and cell proliferation in tumor^[1]. Pimonidazole accumulates in hypoxic cells via covalent binding with macromolecules or by forming reductive metabolites after reduction of its nitro group, it can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumor hypoxia ^[2].

In Vitro

Pimonidazole, the exogenous hypoxia marker, is a 2-nitroimidazole compound, which forms covalent bonds with cellular macromolecules at oxygen levels below 1.3%.
Detection: Hypoxic cells were recognized by immunohistochemical detection of pimonidazole using a mouse monoclonal antibody. Cell proliferation was detected with a commercially available monoclonal antibody for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Assessment of hypoxia and cell proliferation was made qualitatively with light microscopy and quantitatively using point counting and image analysis software methods.
The pimonidazole-protein adducts were then detected by immunofluorescence
Cells (90% confluent) are treated with pimonidazole hydrochloride (10-100 μM), diluted in complete media or PBS, and placed in hypoxia or normoxia for 2-4 hours.
Then, cells are washed 4 times in HBSS, fixed for 10 min with 10% neutral buffered formalin at room temperature, washed 3 times with tris buffered saline, and mounted with Prolong Gold with DAPI mounting media^[3].
To monitor the intrinsic hypoxic signal, the tissue is removed and the embryos incubated with 400 μM pimonidazole for 2 h before fixation. Immunostaining is performed using antibodies against pimonidazole-protein adducts (Hypoxyprobe)^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Pimonidazole is a 2-nitroimidazole that is reductively activated specifically in hypoxic cells and forms stable adducts with thiol groups in proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Additionally, the amount of pimonidazole that is detected is directly proportional to the level of hypoxia within tumors in vivo.
The following protocol is provided for this useful tool to interrogate the levels of hypoxia in vivo.
1.Pimonidazole hydrochloride is suspended at a concentration of 30 mg/ml in 0.9% sterile saline or PBS.
2.Multiple mice are injected intravenously (tail vein) with 60 mg/kg of the pimonidazole solution.
3.Let circulate in vivo for 90 min before the mice are euthanazied with isoflurane or carbon dioxide (CO2). Note: For animal euthanasia: In compliance with proper IACUC protocols!
4. Mice are sacrificed and organs are then removed, weighed, snap-frozen, and stored in plastic scintillation vials at -80 °C.
5. The pimonidazole stain can work on paraffin-embedded tissue, frozen tissue, and cell lines. Organs are embedded in OCT, placed in a cryostat, and cut into 10 μm-thick sections. Sections are placed on microscope slides for staining.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 70132-51-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 290.75
Formula C₁₁H₁₉ClN₄O₃
Color White to yellow
SMILES

OC(CN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O)CN2CCCCC2.Cl
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (9)

All Flow CytometryHistological Imaging/Staining

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Theranostics

Neuronal STAT3/HIF-1α/PTRF axis-mediated bioenergetic disturbance exacerbates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PLA2G4A. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 4;12(7):3196-3216. PMID: 35547748
Asian J Pharm Sci

Tumor microenvironment-responsive artesunate loaded Z-scheme heterostructures for synergistic photo-chemodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumor. [Abstract]

2023 May;18(3):100798. PMID: 37252037
Mater Today Bio

"Top-down and Bottom-up" cholesterol-depleting biomimetic nanoparticle for enhancing sonodynamic therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 30:35:102370. PMID: 41104047
J Colloid Interface Sci

Self-amplifying hypoxia cascade in covalent organic framework/metal organic framework nanoreactors for synergistic cancer therapy. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 15:706:139602. PMID: 41353990

Pimonidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Colloid Interface Sci. 2026 Mar 15:706:139602. [Abstract]

The hypoxia level in 4T1 cells was quantitatively assessed using Pimonidazole hydrochloride (PIMO) (100 μM; 60 min) as a probe.

Pimonidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Colloid Interface Sci. 2026 Mar 15:706:139602. [Abstract]

Representative fluorescence images of tumor slices from 4 T1 tumor-bearing mice after various treatments were stained for hypoxia with Pimonidazole hydrochloride (PIMO) (60 mg/kg; i.p.; 90 min).
J Colloid Interface Sci

A multifunctional oxidative stress amplifier for synergistic disruption of redox homeostasis and enhanced cancer therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 28;702(Pt 1):138870. PMID: 40902490

Pimonidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 Aug 28;702(Pt 1):138870. [Abstract]

Representative fluorescence images of tumor slices from mice bearing 4 T1 tumors stained with Pimonidazole hydrochloride (PIMO) (60 mg/kg; i.p.; 90 min).
J Colloid Interface Sci

Covalent organic frameworks-derived carbon nanospheres based nanoplatform for tumor specific synergistic therapy via oxidative stress amplification and calcium overload. [Abstract]

2024 May:661:908-922. PMID: 38330663

Pimonidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 May:661:908-922. [Abstract]

Fluorescence images of tumor slices from mice bearing 4T1 tumors stained with the hypoxia probe Pimonidazole hydrochloride (PIMO) (60 mg/kg; i.p.; 90 min) after different treatments were shown.
Sci Rep

Contribution of HIF-1α/BNIP3-mediated autophagy to lipid accumulation during irinotecan-induced liver injury. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 21;13(1):6528. PMID: 37085612
Exp Neurol

By inhibiting pyroptosis to reduce neuroinflammation, PEG-bHb may prevent the development of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 27:115447. PMID: 40882799
Exp Eye Res

Zeaxanthin improves myopia by regulating the HIF-1α-glycolysis signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:259:110557. PMID: 40738388

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (343.94 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.4394 mL

17.1969 mL

34.3938 mL

5 mM

0.6879 mL

3.4394 mL

6.8788 mL

10 mM

0.3439 mL

1.7197 mL

3.4394 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (392 KB)
- English - EN (392 KB)
- Français - FR (392 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (392 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (392 KB)
- Español - ES (392 KB)
- Swedish - SV (392 KB)
- Italian - IT (392 KB)
- Korean - KR (392 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (392 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Varia MA, et al. Pimonidazole: a novel hypoxia marker for complementary study of tumor hypoxia and cell proliferation in cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 1998 Nov;71(2):270-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Masaki Y, et al. Imaging Mass Spectrometry Revealed the Accumulation Characteristics of the 2-Nitroimidazole-Based Agent "Pimonidazole" in Hypoxia. PLoS One. 2016 Aug 31;11(8):e0161639. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kristina Y Aguilera, et al. Hypoxia Studies with Pimonidazole in vivo. Bio Protoc [Content Brief]

[4]. Stephanie M Evans, et al. Molecular probes for imaging of hypoxia in the retina. Bioconjug Chem. . 2014 Nov 19;25(11):2030-7. [Content Brief]

[5]. Stephanie M Evans, et al. Molecular probes for imaging of hypoxia in the retina. Bioconjug Chem. . 2014 Nov 19;25(11):2030-7. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O	1 mM	3.4394 mL	17.1969 mL	34.3938 mL	85.9845 mL
	5 mM	0.6879 mL	3.4394 mL	6.8788 mL	17.1969 mL
	10 mM	0.3439 mL	1.7197 mL	3.4394 mL	8.5985 mL
	15 mM	0.2293 mL	1.1465 mL	2.2929 mL	5.7323 mL
	20 mM	0.1720 mL	0.8598 mL	1.7197 mL	4.2992 mL
	25 mM	0.1376 mL	0.6879 mL	1.3758 mL	3.4394 mL
	30 mM	0.1146 mL	0.5732 mL	1.1465 mL	2.8662 mL
	40 mM	0.0860 mL	0.4299 mL	0.8598 mL	2.1496 mL
	50 mM	0.0688 mL	0.3439 mL	0.6879 mL	1.7197 mL
	60 mM	0.0573 mL	0.2866 mL	0.5732 mL	1.4331 mL
	80 mM	0.0430 mL	0.2150 mL	0.4299 mL	1.0748 mL
	100 mM	0.0344 mL	0.1720 mL	0.3439 mL	0.8598 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Pimonidazole hydrochloride

9 Cited Publications

100 mg Get Quote

Subscribe to the

MedChemExpress

Newsletter

Product Name:
Cat. No.:
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Product Name:
CAS No.:
Species:
Purity:
Quantity:

Pimonidazole hydrochloride

Bioactive Compound Library Max

Bioactive Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Clinical Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Human Metabolite Library

Anti-Prostate Cancer Compound Library

Heterocyclic Compound Library

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

Clinical Compound Library Plus

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Pimonidazole hydrochloride

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (9)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Pimonidazole hydrochloride

Bioactive Compound Library Max

Bioactive Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Clinical Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Human Metabolite Library

Anti-Prostate Cancer Compound Library

Heterocyclic Compound Library

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

Clinical Compound Library Plus

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Pimonidazole hydrochloride

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (9)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Pimonidazole hydrochloride Related Classifications

HY-105129 Related Classifications