Pirenoxine sodium
Pirenoxine sodium (Catalin K sodium) is an antioxidant with lens-protective activity. Pirenoxine sodium inhibits lens sclerosis, prevents lipid peroxidation and suppresses lens protein opacification. Pirenoxine sodium blocks benzoquinone acetic acid-induced cataract progression. Pirenoxine sodium can be used in research related to presbyopia and cataracts.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 51410-30-1
- Formula: C16H7N2NaO5
- Molecular Weight:330.23
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Pirenoxine sodium inhibits lens protein opacification induced by UVC, selenite and Ca2+[1][2].
Pirenoxine (PRX) (0.016-0.1 μM; 0-4 days) sodium delays selenite-induced early lens opacification and reduces the degradation of insoluble lens proteins in lens homogenates of SD rat pups[2].
Pirenoxine sodium reduces UVC-induced lens opacity and γ-crystallin degradation in porcine lens homogenates; it delays the onset and reduces the opacity of glucose/galactose-induced diabetic cataracts in intact goat lenses[2].
Pirenoxine sodium (10-4 M) elevates the levels of glutathione (GSH), water-soluble proteins and sulfur-containing amino acids in lenses of galactose-induced diabetic SD rats, while it only produces partial effects at 10-5 M[2].
Pirenoxine sodium inhibits oxidative damage in intact rat lenses induced by macrophages stimulated with Fe3+/ascorbic acid, hemoglobin or fMLP; it also inhibits lipid peroxidation in intact rat lenses treated with ROS induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase[2].
Pirenoxine sodium (60 μM; 48 h) reduces sorbitol content in bovine lenses[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Pirenoxine (0.005% concentration; topical administration; 4 times daily; for 120 consecutive days) sodium delays the progression of age-related cataracts in senescence-accelerated mice[2].
Pirenoxine (2.5-5 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single administration) sodium prevents early gross lens opacification in sodium selenite-induced cataract SD young rats only at the dose of 5 mg/kg[2].
Pirenoxine (PRX) (0.8 mg/15 mL; topical administration; three times daily for 7 consecutive days) sodium increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of GSH, while reduces the levels of oxidative damage markers in Wistar rats with sodium selenite-induced cataracts[2].
Pirenoxine (concentration 0.005-2%; topical administration; 2 drops, three times daily; for 30 consecutive days) sodium reduces the incidence of cataracts in galactose-induced diabetic cataract SD rats and tryptophan deficiency-induced congenital cataract colored rabbits, and improves the antioxidant/protein-related indicators of their lenses[2].
Pirenoxine (concentration 0.0053%; topical administration; three times daily; for 60 consecutive days) sodium slows disease progression and reverses lens opacification in Wistar rats with established galactose-induced diabetic cataracts[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague-Dawley (6-week-old male, tobacco smoke-induced presbyopia model)[1]
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Dosage:0.005%
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Administration:eye drops; 4 times daily; 12 days
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Result:Reduced lens elasticity ratio significantly compared to PBS-treated smoke-exposed rats.
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Animal Model:Wistar rat[2]
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Dosage:0.8 mg/15 mL concentration
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Administration:topical; 3 times daily; 7 days
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Result:Increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum compared to untreated controls.
Increased catalase (CAT) activity in serum compared to untreated controls.
Decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum compared to untreated controls.
Increased SOD activity in lens tissue compared to untreated controls.
Increased CAT activity in lens tissue compared to untreated controls.
Increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in lens tissue compared to untreated controls.
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Animal Model:
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Dosage:0.005% concentration; 0.01% concentration; 2% concentration
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Administration:topical; 2 drops 3 times daily; 30 days
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Result:Reduced cataract incidence by 40%.
Increased lens GSH levels.
Increased lens water-soluble protein levels.
Increased lens sulfur-containing amino acid levels.
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Animal Model:Wistar rat[2]
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Dosage:0.0053% concentration
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Administration:topical; 3 times daily; 60 days
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Result:Reduced lens opacity between days 10 and 90 of galactose exposure.
Reduced progression of lens opacity between days 10 and 90 of galactose exposure.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 51410-30-1
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Molecular Weight 330.23
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Formula C16H7N2NaO5
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SMILES
O=C(C(N=C12)=CC(O)=C2C3=NC4=C(C=CC=C4)OC3=CC1=O)O[Na]
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Synonyms
Catalin K sodium
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Tsuneyoshi Y, et al. Suppression of presbyopia progression with pirenoxine eye drops: experiments on rats and non-blinded, randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Scientific reports. 2017 Jul 28;7(1):6819. [Content Brief]
[2]. Upaphong P, et al. The Possible Positive Mechanisms of Pirenoxine in Cataract Formation. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Aug 21;23(16):9431. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Pirenoxine sodium Related Classifications
HY-108296A Related Classifications
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