IL-12 beta Protein, Rat (HEK293, Fc)

IL-12 beta Protein, also known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, is a common subunit (p40) of IL-12 and IL-23. IL-12 is a inflammatory factor expressed by activated macrophages, and involves in Th1-type immune response against cancer^[1]. IL-12 beta Protein located outside the cell membrane, involves in singalling mediated by Jak-STAT^[3]. IL-12 beta Protein consists of 335 amino acids (M1-S335) with a lg-like domain (43-90 a.a). IL-12 beta Protein, Rat (M1-S335) is produced in HEK293 cells with a C-Terminal hFc-tag.

IL-12 beta Protein, as known as IL12 p40 subunit or IL-12B, heterodimerizes with the IL-12 p35 subunit (IL-12A) to form IL-12 and with the IL23 p19 subunit to form IL-23, exerting different regulating functions^[1].
IL-12 and IL23 belong to IL-12 family, are involved in proinflammatory responses and expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development^[2].
IL-12 signals via IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2 mediated by p-STAT4, whereas IL-23 signals via IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R mediated by p-STAT1 and p-STAT3^[3].
The sequence of amino acids in IL-12 beta alpha proteins of rat is very different from human (69.04%), but shows high similarity with mouse (92.24%).
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family have been known to be inflammatory factors, induce autoimmune inflammation and thus may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and may be important for tumorigenesis^[4].

IL-12/rAAV2 (encoding IL-12 in rat) (1.96 × 112 particles/mL, 3 μL; i.c.v.; 5 μL/min) efficiently induces long lasting expression of IL-12 in rats, and results the greater infiltration of activated microglia cells in the tumor associated improved immune reactions, leading the inhibited growth of implanted glioblastoma and the increased survival time of rats^[5].

IL-12 level is reduced in white adipose tissue (WAT, involved in chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis) compared with skeletal muscle (SM) in intense exercise training and weight loss rat^[6].

Rat

HEK293

C-hFc

E9PU71 (M23-S335)

64546  [NCBI]

Approximately 62.5 kDa

Greater than 85% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

• [1]. Lu X. Impact of IL-12 in Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2017;17(8):682-697.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Gunsten S, et al. IL-12 p80-dependent macrophage recruitment primes the host for increased survival following a lethal respiratory viral infection. Immunology. 2009 Apr;126(4):500-13.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gotthardt D, Trifinopoulos J, Sexl V, Putz EM. JAK/STAT Cytokine Signaling at the Crossroad of NK Cell Development and Maturation. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 12;10:2590.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Tait Wojno ED, Hunter CA, Stumhofer JS. The Immunobiology of the Interleukin-12 Family: Room for Discovery. Immunity. 2019 Apr 16;50(4):851-870.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Chiu TL, et al. The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme through activation of microglia and TRAIL induced by rAAV2-mediated IL-12 in a syngeneic rat model. J Biomed Sci. 2012 Apr 22;19(1):45.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Gomez-Merino D, et al. Effects of chronic exercise on cytokine production in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats. Cytokine. 2007 Oct;40(1):23-9.  [Content Brief]