RANTES/CCL5 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, His-Avi)

RANTES/CCL5 Protein is a chemoattractant that plays a role in attracting blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells, and eosinophils. It also causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. RANTES can activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5. It is known to be one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein has shown to inhibit different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in a dose-dependent manner. There are different processed forms of RANTES, such as RANTES(3-68), which acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection compared to the other processed forms RANTES(4-68) and RANTES(1-68). RANTES may also act as an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75, stimulating inositol trisphosphate production and calcium mobilization. It is suggested that RANTES, along with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt, and MAP kinases. Additionally, by activating GPR75, RANTES may also contribute to insulin secretion by islet cells. RANTES can form homo and heterooligomers with other chemokines and has an interaction with the brown dog tick evasin-4.