CCR1

C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1, CD191) is a Gαi-protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane helices that responds to multiple inflammatory CC chemokines, including CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL7, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16 and CCL23. Expressed predominantly on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, immature dendritic cells, basophils and NK cells, CCR1 transduces ligand binding into Gαi-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase, calcium mobilization, β-arrestin recruitment and PI3K-MAPK activation, driving chemotaxis and granule release. CCR1 is among the principal chemokine receptors orchestrating the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes into damaged tissue in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, renal transplant rejection, endometriosis and atherosclerosis. In HIV biology, CCR1 can serve as a minor co-receptor for certain viral strains. Pharmacological CCR1 antagonists such as BX471 and CCX354 (the latter clinically evaluated for rheumatoid arthritis) were designed to blunt monocyte-rich inflammation while sparing homeostatic chemokine axes.