(S)-2-Aminohexanedioic acid

Ki value of 209 μML-α-Aminoadipic Acid is a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine.In vitro: Previous study found that DL-and L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (alpha-AA) were specific gliotoxins in vitro. HPLC analysis of cultures incubated with D-or L-alpha-AA and DL-[14C]-alpha-AA autoradiograms conducted in the presence of D-or L-alpha-AA suggested a stereospecificity of astroglial L-alpha-AA uptake. Both the uptake of alpha-AA by astrocytes and alpha-AA-induced gliotoxicity were sodium dependent. Another study found that the L-isomer of alpha aminoadipate was able to competitively inhibit the transport protein, whereas the D-isomer of alpha aminoadipate was ineffective. Moreover, it was found that L-alpha aminoadipate was a competitive inhibitor of both glutamine synthetase, and gamma-glutam ylcysteine synthetase. In Constrast, the D-isomer of alpha aminoadipate was a far weaker inhibitor of either enzyme.In vivo: Animal study showed that La-aminoadipic acid could lower the levels of endogenous extracellular kynurenic acid in the hippocampus in a dose-dep endent fashion ), though the effect of La-aminoadipic acid seemed to be less pronounced than its reduction of de novo produced kynurenic acid . Clinical trial: So far, no clinical study has been conducted. References: Huck, S. ,Grass, F., and Hrtnagl, H. The glutamate analogue α-aminoadipic acid is taken up by astrocytes before exerting its gliotoxic effect in vitro. Journal of Neuroscience 4(10), 2650-2657 (1984). McBean GJ. Inhibition of the glutamate transporter and glial enzymes in rat striatum by the gliotoxin, alpha aminoadipate. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;113(2):536-40. Wu HQ, Ungerstedt U, Schwarcz R. L-alpha-aminoadipic acid as a regulator of kynurenic acid production in the hippocampus: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Jul 25;281(1):55-61.

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