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Isoforms Recommended:	Caspase 3

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caspase-3

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Targets Recommended: Caspase

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-19696

Tauroursodeoxycholate Maximum Cited Publications 104 Publications Verification Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA; UR 906	ERK Caspase Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Cancer
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an orally active endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as *caspase-3* and *caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK* ^[3].

HY-10396

Emricasan 50+ Cited Publications PF 03491390; IDN-6556	Caspase Flavivirus	Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
Emricasan (PF 03491390) is an orally active and irreversible *pan-caspase* inhibitor. Emricasan inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV)-induced increases in *caspase-3* activity and protected human cortical neural progenitors .

HY-19696A

Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium Maximum Cited Publications 104 Publications Verification Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium; TUDCA sodium; UR 906 sodium	ERK Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as *caspase-3* and *caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK*.

HY-12466

Z-DEVD-FMK 125+ Cited Publications	Caspase	Cancer
Z-DEVD-FMK is a specific and irreversible *caspase-3* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 18 μM .

HY-N1423

Glycocholic acid 3 Publications Verification	P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Apoptosis FXR Caspase MDM-2/p53 LPL Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, *caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5* and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ^[3].

HY-121320

Raptinal 5+ Cited Publications	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
Raptinal, a agent that directly activates *caspase-3, initiates intrinsic pathway caspase-dependent apoptosis. Raptinal is able to rapidly induce cancer cell death by directly activating the effector caspase-3, bypassing the activation of initiator caspase-8 and caspase*-9 .

HY-124476

Cystamine 5 Publications Verification	Caspase Glutaminase Apoptosis	Cancer
Cystamine is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC₅₀ value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) ^[3].

HY-P1001

Ac-DEVD-CHO Maximum Cited Publications 46 Publications Verification	Caspase	Cancer
Ac-DEVD-CHO is a *Caspase-3* inhibitor with a K_i value of 230 pM.

HY-164734

Raludotatug Deruxtecan R-DXd; DS-6000	Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)	Cancer
Raludotatug Deruxtecan is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting CDH6, with an EC₅₀ of 64.7 ng/mL in humans, 70.4 ng/mL in cynomolgus monkeys, and 228 ng/mL in mice. Raludotatug Deruxtecan specifically binds to CDH6 on the surface of cancer cells, triggers lysosomal internalization, and releases the DXd payload that inhibits TOP1. Raludotatug Deruxtecan induces DNA damage, Chk1 phosphorylation, caspase-3 cleavage, apoptosis, and bystander cell death. Raludotatug Deruxtecan is applicable to research related to serous ovarian cancer and renal cell carcinoma .

HY-B0621

Triclabendazole 5+ Cited Publications CGA89317	Parasite Caspase Bcl-2 Family PARP Pyroptosis	Infection
Triclabendazole is an orally active parasite inhibitor. Triclabendazole has anti-Leishmania activity and induces gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis by *caspase-3* activation. Triclabendazole can be used for the research of fasciola hepatica ^[3].

HY-W020050

Cystamine dihydrochloride 5 Publications Verification	Caspase Glutaminase Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC₅₀ value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) ^[3].

HY-N1423A

Glycocholic acid sodium 3 Publications Verification	P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Bacterial Apoptosis FXR Caspase MDM-2/p53 LPL Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Glycocholic acid sodium is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, *caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5* and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid sodium inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid sodium modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid sodium suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid sodium can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ^[3].

HY-P0034

Ac-DEVD-CMK 3 Publications Verification caspase-3 Inhibitor III	Caspase Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Ac-DEVD-CMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor III) is a selective and irreversible *caspase-3* inhibitor. Ac-DEVD-CMK significantly inhibits apoptosis induced by high levels of glucose or Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate?(HY-137295). Ac-DEVD-CMK can be used in a variety of experimental approaches to inhibit apoptosis ^[3].

HY-P1095

Ivachtin caspase-3 Inhibitor VII	Caspase	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Ivachtin (Caspase-3 Inhibitor VII; compound 7a) is a nonpeptide, noncompetitive and reversibl *caspase-3* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 23 nM. Ivachtin has modest selectivity for the remaining caspases .

HY-P0034A

Ac-DEVD-CMK TFA 3 Publications Verification caspase-3 Inhibitor III TFA	Caspase Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Ac-DEVD-CMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor III) TFA is a selective and irreversible *caspase-3* inhibitor. Ac-DEVD-CMK TFA significantly inhibits apoptosis induced by high levels of glucose or 3,20-dibenzoate (IDB; HY-137295). Ac-DEVD-CMK TFA can be used in a variety of experimental approaches to inhibit apoptosis ^[3].

HY-P1986

Z-DEVD-AFC	Caspase	Cancer
Z-DEVD-AFC is a cell-permeant substrate for caspase-3, which causes a shift in fluorescence uponcleavage of the AFC fluorophore. Z-DEVD-AFC can be used to detect caspase-3-like enzymes activity .

HY-101997

BEPP hydrochloride	Orthopoxvirus Apoptosis Caspase Bcl-2 Family Akt	Infection Cancer
BEPP hydrochloride is a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) modulator. BEPP hydrochloride enhances the phosphorylation levels of PKR and eIF2α, activates caspase-3, upregulates the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, and downregulates the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. BEPP hydrochloride inhibits vaccinia virus replication and exhibits selective cytotoxicity in cells expressing PKR. BEPP hydrochloride can be used in research related to cancer and viral infections .

HY-B0960

Sulfabenzamide 1 Publications Verification N-Sulfanilylbenzamide	Bacterial Autophagy MDM-2/p53 Caspase PARP DNA-PK Akt	Infection Cancer
Sulfabenzamide (N-Sulfanilylbenzamide) is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent. Sulfabenzamide exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). Sulfabenzamide can promote autophagic cell autophagy in breast cancer cells through p53/ DRAM pathway. Sulfabenzamide increases *caspase-3* activity, deactivates PARP1 and DNA-PK, downregulates AKT1 and AKT2. Sulfabenzamide can be used for the researches of breast cancer and bacterial infections .

HY-103667

2-HBA 3 Publications Verification	Quinone Reductase Caspase	Cancer
2-HBA is a potent inducer of NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) which can also activate *caspase-3* and *caspase-10*.

HY-33350

Clofilium tosylate 1 Publications Verification	Potassium Channel Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Clofilium tosylate, a potassium channel blocker, induces apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells via Bcl-2-insensitive activation of caspase-3. Antiarrhythmic agent .

HY-124344

Avenanthramide C	Interleukin Related	Neurological Disease
Avenanthramide C is an orally active avenanthramide that can be isolated from oat seeds. Avenanthramide C decreases the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and increases the expression of p-GSK3β(Ser9) and IL-10 levels. Avenanthramide C has the potential for the research of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-128360

dMCL1-2	PROTACs Bcl-2 Family Apoptosis Caspase	Cancer
dMCL1-2 is a potent, selective MCL1 PROTAC degrader based on a Cereblon ligand, with a K_D value of 30 nM for binding to MCL1. dMCL1-2 induces ubiquitination and degradation of MCL1. dMCL1-2 degrades MCL1, cleaves *Caspase-3, and induces Apoptosis*. dMCL1-2 can be used in research related to multiple myeloma .

HY-18633

MDK83190	Apoptosis	Cancer
MDK83190 is a potent apoptosis activator, induces Apaf-1 oligomerization, increases procaspase-9 processing and subsequent caspase-3 activation in a cyto c-dependent Manner .

HY-136975

Caspase-3-IN-1	Caspase	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Caspase-3-IN-1 (compound 11b) is a potent *Caspase-3* inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 14.5 nM .

HY-P1169

Ac-IETD-AFC 1 Publications Verification	Caspase	Others
Ac-IETD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate of caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-10, and granzyme B .

HY-P3560

Edratide TV 4710	Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Edratide (TV 4710) is a synthetic peptide of 19 amino acid based on the complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) of a human anti-DNA antibody that expresses a major idiotype denoted 16/6 Id. Edratide reduces the rates of apoptosis (Apoptosis) and down-regulates of caspase-8 and caspase-3, up-regulates Bcl-xL. Edratide has the potential for the research of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ^[3].

HY-12294A

PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate 5+ Cited Publications NVP-AAM077 tetrasodium hydrate	Apoptosis Caspase iGluR	Neurological Disease
PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate (NVP-AAM077 tetrasodium hydrate) is a tetrasodium hydrate of PEAQX (HY-12294). PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate is an orally active and selective NMDA antagonist, with IC₅₀ values of 270 nM and 29.6 μM for hNMDAR 1A/2A and hNMDAR 1A/2B, respectively. PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate can promote the activation of *caspase-3* and induce cell apoptosis in cortical striatal slice cultures .

HY-N1157

Thevetiaflavone Apigenin-5-methyl ether	Bcl-2 Family Caspase	Neurological Disease
Thevetiaflavone could upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulate that of Bax and *caspase-3*.

HY-N1423B

Glycocholic acid hydrate 3 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Caspase G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 LPL Receptor MDM-2/p53 Bcl-2 Family P-glycoprotein FXR Bacterial Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Glycocholic acid hydrate is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid hydrate downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, *caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5* and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid hydrate inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid hydrate modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid hydrate suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid hydrate can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ^[3].

HY-103349

PETCM 1 Publications Verification	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
PETCM is an activator of *caspase-3* and acts as an cytochrome c (cyto c)-dependent manner. PETCM promotes Apaf-1 oligomerization and induces cell apoptosis in HeLa cells .

HY-103347

M50054	Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
M50054 is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. M50054 inhibits Etoposide-induced caspase-3 activation of U937 cells with an IC₅₀ of 79 μg/mL. M50054 does not directly inhibit the enzymatic activity of caspase-3. M50054 can be used for the research anti-Fas-antibody-induced hepatitis and chemotherapy-induced alopecia .

HY-NP019

Agkistrodon halys batroxobin	Sirtuin Caspase Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Agkistrodon halys batroxobin is a thrombin-like serine protease. Agkistrodon halys batroxobin reduces the expression of Sirt1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in brain tissue. Agkistrodon halys batroxobin reduces cleaved caspase-3 expression and inhibits neuronal apoptosis in rat .

HY-19696R

Tauroursodeoxycholate (Standard) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (Standard); TUDCA (Standard); UR 906 (Standard)	Reference Standards ERK Caspase Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Cancer
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tauroursodeoxycholate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-19696AR

Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (Standard) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Standard); TUDCA sodium (Standard); UR 906 sodium (Standard)	ERK Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards	Cancer
Tauroursodeoxycholate (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tauroursodeoxycholate (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-108312A

Ac-VEID-CHO TFA	Caspase	Neurological Disease
Ac-VEID-CHO (TFA) is a peptide-derived *caspase* inhibitor and has potency of inhibition for Caspase-6, Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 with IC₅₀ values of 16.2 nM, 13.6 nM and 162.1 nM, respectively. Ac-VEID-CHO (TFA) can be used for the research of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease .

HY-12294

PEAQX NVP-AAM077	Caspase Apoptosis iGluR	Neurological Disease
PEAQX (NVP-AAM077) is an orally active and selective NMDA antagonist, with IC₅₀ values of 270 nM and 29.6 μM for hNMDAR 1A/2A and hNMDAR 1A/2B, respectively. PEAQX can promote the activation of *caspase-3* and induce cell apoptosis in cortical striatal slice cultures .

HY-144604

FPR2 agonist 2	Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR)	Infection Neurological Disease
FPR2 agonist 2 is a potent and CNS-penetrant FPR2 agonist with an EC₅₀ of 0.13 μM, 1.1 μM for FPR2 and FPR1, respectively. FPR2 agonist 2 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, counterbalances the changes in mitochondrial function, and inhibits caspase-3 activity .

HY-W020958

Ru(acac)3 Tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium (III)	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
Ru (acac) 3 (Tris (acetylacetonato) ruthenium (III)) is a *caspase-3* activator and Apoptosis inducer. Ru (acac) 3 exerts growth inhibitory effects on various cell lines in vitro by inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis and inducing mild reversible S-phase cell cycle arrest. Ru (acac) 3 is commonly used in research related to ovarian cancer, osteosarcoma, cervical cancer, melanoma, and other fields .

HY-W117986

Aβ aggregation-IN-1	Amyloid-β Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase	Neurological Disease
Aβ aggregation-IN-1 (Compound 1b) is a β-amyloid aggregation inhibitor/depolymerizer, with IC₅₀ values of 3.92 μM and 7.19 μM, respectively. Aβ aggregation-IN-1 inhibits the activation of preformed β-amyloid fibrils, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and *Caspase-3*. Aβ aggregation-IN-1 can be used in research related to Alzheimer's disease .

HY-W033813

Caspase-3/7 Inhibitor I	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
Caspase-3/7 inhibitor I is a potent and reversible inhibitor of *caspase-3* and *caspase-7, with K_is of 60 and 170 nM, respectively. Caspase-3/7 inhibitor I can inhibit apoptosis* in Camptothecin (HY-16560)-treated Jurkat cells and in chondrocytes .**

HY-D1432

FITC-C6-DEVD-FMK	Fluorescent Dye	Cancer
FITC-C6-DEVD-FMK, a fluorescently labeled caspase-3 inhibitor, can be used for detection of active caspase-3 in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis. FITC-C6-DEVD-FMK provides a convenient means for sensitive detection of activated caspase-3 in living cells. Z-DEVD-FMK is a specific caspase-3 inhibitor .

HY-155612

M826	Caspase	Neurological Disease
M826 is a potent, selective and reversible non-peptide *caspase-3* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.005 μM for enzymatic activity against caspase-3. M826 displays potent anti-apoptotic activity in animal models in vitro and in vivo. M826 can be used for nervous system diseases research .

HY-N0320

Salvianolic acid D	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 NF-κB	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Salvianolic acid D is a depside. Salvianolic acid D can be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Salvianolic acid D promotes the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibits the expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and -9. Salvianolic acid D reduces the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Salvianolic acid D inhibits the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. Salvianolic acid D suppresses inflammatory responses and alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Salvianolic acid D serves as a potential antiplatelet active component ^[3].

HY-161991

Caspase-3 activator 4	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
Caspase-3 activator 4 (compound 4o) is a potent and cross the blood-brain barrier *caspase-3* activator. Caspase-3 activator 4 shows antiproliferative activity. Caspase-3 activator 4 induces apoptosis. Caspase-3 activator 4 increases the gene expression of TNF-α. Caspase-3 activator 4 decreases the protein expression of cleaved caspases 3/caspases 3 .

HY-155390

Caspase-3 activator 3	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
Caspase-3 activator 3 (compound 2h) induces apoptosis in HL-60 and K562 cells via significant *caspase 3* activation. Caspase-3 activator 3 shows antileukemic acticity against HL-60 and K562 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 42.89 and 33.61 μM, respectively .

HY-155613

M867	Caspase	Cancer
M867 is a selective and reversible inhibitor of *caspase-3* with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 nM and K_i of 0.7 nM. M867 has anti apoptotic activity .

HY-W750678

9-cis-Canthaxanthin	Apoptosis Caspase	Inflammation/Immunology
9-cis-Canthaxanthin is a carotenoid with pro-apoptotic activity in THP-1 macrophage cells. 9-cis-Canthaxanthin induces cell apoptosis by increasing *caspase-3* and *caspase-8* activity .

HY-P3363

Z-DEVD-AMC	Caspase	Cancer
Z-DEVD-AMC is a selective caspase-3 substrate that can be measured by fluorescence spectrometry. AMC can be used as a fluorescence reference standard for AMC-based enzyme substrates including AMC-based caspase substrates .

HY-W724853

Dimethyl tetrasulfide 1,4-Dimethyltetrasulfane	Apoptosis Caspase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cancer
Dimethyl tetrasulfide (1,4-Dimethyltetrasulfane) is an apoptosis inducer targeting leukemia cells. Dimethyl tetrasulfide exerts cytotoxic effects through the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activation of caspase-3 enzyme. Dimethyl tetrasulfide is promising for research of cancers, such as leukemia .

HY-150696

Antitumor agent-72	Apoptosis Caspase PARP	Cancer
Antitumor agent-72 (compound 6w) is a potent anticancer agent. Antitumor agent-72 has anticancer activity and induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Antitumor agent-72 can be used for cancer research .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-19696

Tauroursodeoxycholate Maximum Cited Publications 104 Publications Verification Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA; UR 906	Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	ERK Caspase Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an orally active endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as *caspase-3* and *caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK* ^[3].

HY-19696A

Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium Maximum Cited Publications 104 Publications Verification Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium; TUDCA sodium; UR 906 sodium	Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	ERK Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as *caspase-3* and *caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK*.

HY-N1423

Glycocholic acid 3 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Apoptosis FXR Caspase MDM-2/p53 LPL Receptor
Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, *caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5* and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ^[3].

HY-W040329

2'-Deoxyadenosine	Natural Products Immune System Disorder Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Other Diseases Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Caspase Apoptosis
2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates *caspase-3* and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3].

HY-126741

Azadirachtin 2 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Plants Meliaceae Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Source Classification Agricultural Research	Environmental Pollutants Parasite Caspase NF-κB Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family
Azadirachtin is an oral active triterpenoid compound with anticancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal activities. Azadirachtin induces cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway (by inhibiting Bcl-2/Bax ratio or activating Apaf-1 and *caspase-3) or through death receptors (by inhibiting TNFR* activation). Additionally, Azadirachtin exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-кB signaling pathway activation, and it exhibits insecticidal activity by inducing apoptosis in insect cells ^[3] .

HY-111832

1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose TeGG	other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	UGT
1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose (TEgG) is a competitive inhibitor of UDP-glucuronyltransferase UGT1A1, targeting the competitive substrate binding site of UGT1A1. 1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose inhibits UGT1A1-mediated β-estradiol 3-glucuronidation and SN-38 glucuronidation with IC₅₀ of 6.01 μM and 4.31 μM, respectively, and binds to UGT1A1 with K_i of 3.55 μM. 1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose also induces tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, activates *caspase-3* and induces DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells. 1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose also inhibits HIV integrase and reverse transcriptase, and inhibits HCV protease ^[3].

HY-N0576

Solanesol 2 Publications Verification	Other Terpenoids Structural Classification other families Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Heme Oxygenase (HO) HSP p38 MAPK Akt Apoptosis Caspase PARP
Solanesol is an orally active aliphatic terpene alcohol. Solanesol is mainly found in tobacco and other Solanaceae plants. Solanesol induces HO-1 and Hsp70 expression, activates p38 and Akt signaling pathways, and inhibits Apoptosis (reduces *caspase-3* and PARP cleavage). Solanesol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Solanesol can be used in the research of Huntington's disease, alcoholic liver disease, chronic inflammatory pain, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder ^[3] .

HY-N3584

Paris saponin VII 4 Publications Verification Chonglou Saponin VII	Liliaceae Classification of Application Fields Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Plants Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	Akt p38 MAPK P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family Caspase PARP Autophagy Apoptosis
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of *Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt*. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia .

HY-B1302

Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate 20+ Cited Publications	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Rubiaceae Cinchona calisaya Wedd. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	P-glycoprotein PARP Caspase Apoptosis Potassium Channel
Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate reduces the expression level of P-gp, inhibits P-gp-mediated efflux, increases the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrates, induces PARP cleavage and *Caspase-3* activation, and elevates the proportion of Apoptotic cells at the sub-G1 phase. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate exerts sustained block and open-channel block effects on I_K(f). Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate alters the urinary metabolic ratio of Amphetamine, modulates the Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure threshold, and regulates the anticonvulsant effect of Dextromethorphan. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate can be used in studies related to uterine sarcoma and seizures ^[3] .

HY-N0361

Dihydrocapsaicin 4 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Structural Classification Monophenols Capsicum annuum L. Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Phenols Metabolic Disease Solanaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Caspase Akt Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) TRP Channel Bcl-2 Family PI3K
Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and *Caspase-3* expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat ^[3].

HY-N0702

Tenuifolin	Triterpenes Terpenoids Polygalaceae Plants Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Source Classification	Beta-secretase Cholinesterase (ChE)
Tenuifolin is effective and has a protective action. Tenuifolin inhibits β-secretase decreases Aβ protein secretion, suppresses Aβ25-35 secretion, and subsequently caspase-3 and caspase-9 become active. Tenuifolin's ability to lower AChE activity, increase at the same time, increase the ability of the upper glands, and improve the ability to read and remember. Research on tenuifolin's potential for use in urinary disease (AD).

HY-N0763

Angelicin 10+ Cited Publications Isopsoralen	Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Virus Protease NF-κB p38 MAPK JNK Caspase
Angelicin is a furanocoumarin compound that functions as an inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. It suppresses the lytic replication of γ-herpesviruses, such as MHV-68, early during viral infection, potentially inhibiting RTA gene expression (IC₅₀=28.95 μM). Angelicin also mitigates inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Furthermore, it induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1, while activating *caspase-9* and *caspase-3*.

HY-N0732

Jolkinolide B 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Euphorbiaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Cancer	IAP Akt Caspase NF-κB TGF-beta/Smad JAK Bacterial Apoptosis
Jolkinolide B is a bioactive diterpene isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud with oral activity. Jolkinolide B downregulates XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, and phosphorylated Akt, upregulates Smac, activates *caspase-3* and *caspase-9, and inhibits NF-κB, TGFβ/smad3* and *JAK/STAT3* pathways. Jolkinolide B exerts comprehensive biological effects including inducing cancer cell apoptosis, suppressing inflammatory responses, improving lung function, alleviating hepatic steatosis and eliminating intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Jolkinolide B can be used for the research of leukemia, histiocytic lymphoma, asthma, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and tuberculosis ^[3] .

HY-N1423A

Glycocholic acid sodium 3 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	P-glycoprotein Bcl-2 Family G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Bacterial Apoptosis FXR Caspase MDM-2/p53 LPL Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Glycocholic acid sodium is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, *caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5* and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid sodium inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid sodium modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid sodium suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid sodium can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ^[3].

HY-N0712

Typhaneoside 3 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Typhaceae Classification of Application Fields Typha angustifolia L. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Autophagy mTOR Akt FXR
Typhaneoside is an orally bioavailable signal modulator and cellular regulator. Typhaneoside regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy transduction pathway. Typhaneoside promotes the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and *Caspase-3, induces apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle arrest at the G₂/M phase, and reduces cancer cell viability. Typhaneoside activates the farnesoid X receptor* signaling pathway, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, alleviates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation, and exerts hepatoprotective effects. Typhaneoside is applicable to research related to post-myocardial infarction heart failure, acute myeloid leukemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological disorders ^[3] .

HY-N6866

Gomisin N	Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Lignans Phenylpropanoids Plants Schisandraceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis AMPK Akt PERK Keap1-Nrf2 Caspase PARP GSK-3 NO Synthase Interleukin Related
Gomisin N is an orally active lignan compound. Gomisin N can be isolated from Schisandra chinensis. Gomisin N induces Apoptosis in a variety of cells. Gomisin N activates AMPK, Akt, MAPK/ERK, Nrf2, *caspase-3* and PARP-1. Gomisin N inhibits *GSK3β, nitric oxide (NO), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α*). Gomisin N has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenesis activities. Gomisin N has anti-tumor activity against cervical cancer and liver cancer. Gomisin N improves Alzheimer's disease ^[3] .

HY-N7368

Hibifolin	Flavonols Flavonoids other families Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Adenosine Deaminase Bacterial Caspase
Hibifolin is a flavonol glycoside that can be isolated from Helicteres isora. Hibifolin is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (K_i = 49.92 μM). Hibifolin protects neurons against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Hibifolin possesses a potent protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated Aβ. Hibifolin can abolish Aβ-induced *caspase-3* and *caspase-7* activation. Hibifolin induces Akt phosphorylation in cortical neurons. Hibifolin is also a natural sortase A (SrtA) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 31.2 μM) through direct binding to SrtA protein. Hibifolin attenuates the pathogenic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus including adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation. Hibifolin improves the survival of pneumonia induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mouse model and alleviates pathological damage. Hibifolin shows a synergistic antibacterial effect with Cefotaxime (HY-A0088A) ^[3].

HY-N11908

α-Santalol cis-α-Santalol	Structural Classification Santalum album Linn. Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Source Classification Santalaceae	Akt Survivin Apoptosis Caspase PARP
α-Santalol (cis-α-Santalol), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene, is an orally active anticancer agent and apoptosis inducer. α-Santalol activates *caspase-3* to drive apoptotic processes. >α-Santalol induces apoptosis, decreases cell viability, and causes PARP cleavage in human prostate cancer cells. α-santalol inhibits Akt/Survivin pathway to induce cell death. α-Santalol can be used for the research of prostate cancer and diabetes mellitus ^[3] .

HY-N1440

Koumine	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Loganiaceae Plants Gelsemium eleganis (Gardn. et Champ.) Benth. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family
Koumine is an alkaloid separated from Gelsemium elegans, shows potent anti-tumor activity. Koumine up-regulates the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression in human breast cancer cells . Koumine has anxiolytic, antistress, antipsoriatic, and analgesic activities ^[3], protects against the development of arthritis in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models .

HY-W011683

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate	Natural Products Microorganisms Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Caspase Apoptosis
2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates *caspase-3* and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3].

HY-N6818

5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone 2 Publications Verification TMF	Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Flavones Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Zingiberaceae Cancer	Apoptosis Caspase PARP Endogenous Metabolite CFTR
5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone can be isolated from the medicinal plant Kaempferia parviflora (KP). 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone is a CFTR activator and EC₅₀ is 64 μM. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone induces apoptosis, increases proteolytic activation of *caspase-3, and degradation of ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)* protein. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone has antitumor activity. 5,7,4’-Trimethoxyflavone can be used to prevent skin aging and oxidative stress ^[3].

HY-N0534

Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside	Cardiovascular Disease Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis PI3K Akt Caspase SOD Interleukin Related
Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is an orally active flavonoid glycoside. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside inhibits Apoptosis, increases the phosphorylation levels of *PI3K/Akt, inhibits caspase-3, SOD* activity, and promotes cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12) secretion. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside strongly inhibits DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells with an IC₅₀ of 17.5 μM. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside enhances immune function and improves the absorption of active compounds. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside has antioxidant activity. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is used in the study of cardiovascular disease and immune-related diseases ^[3] .

HY-W012499

N-Acetyl-L-methionine 2 Publications Verification N-Acetylmethionine	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Caspase Mitochondrial Metabolism
N-Acetyl-L-methionine is a dietary supplementation. N-Acetyl-L-methionine increases *caspase-3* activity and inhibits mitochondrial activity. N-Acetyl-L-methionine promotes lactation and improves meat quality ^[3] .

HY-N3376

Liriodenine Spermatheridine; VLT045	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Magnoliaceae Pyridine Alkaloids Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis
Liriodenine (Spermatheridine; VLT045) is an aporphine alkaloid isolated from the plant?Mitrephora sirikitiae?and has anti-cancer activities . Liriodenine induces cell apoptosis, activates the intrinsic pathway by induction of caspase-3 and caspase-9 .

HY-N0809

Sesamolin 2 Publications Verification	Sesamum indicum Linn. Other Phenylpropanoids Phenylpropanoids Pedaliaceae Plants Source Classification	p38 MAPK JNK Caspase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NF-κB
Sesamolin, isolated from Sesamum indicum, has antioxidative activity, Sesamolin inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesamolinl potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and *caspase-3* but not ERK-MAPK expression. Sesamolin is orally active ^[3] .

HY-Y0152

Cinchonine 5 Publications Verification (8R,9S)-Cinchonine; LA40221	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Rubiaceae Cinchona calisaya Wedd. Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Parasite Autophagy Caspase Calcium Channel
Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and autophagy and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .

HY-119979

Cardanol monoene Cardanol C15:1	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Phenols Plants Anacardium occidentaleL. Disease Research Fields Anacardiaceae Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP CDK Caspase Bcl-2 Family PARP MDM-2/p53 Cholinesterase (ChE)
Cardanol monoene (Cardanol C15:1) is a phenolic compound which can be found in cashew nut shell liquid. Cardanol monoene can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, migration, cause S phase arrest, induce apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. Cardanol monoene downregulates MMP-2, MMP-9, cyclinA1 expression, regulates CDK2, p53, Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved *caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Apaf-1* expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Cardanol monoene shows weak DPPH radical scavenging activity and AChE inhibition activity. Cardanol monoene is lethal to Artemia salina nauplii. Cardanol monoene. Cardanol monoene can be used for the research of cancer, infection and inflamation .

HY-N2993

Polyporenic acid C	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Polyporaceae Poria cocos Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Caspase PARP Akt PTEN MDM-2/p53 JNK
Polyporenic acid C is a lanostane-type triterpenoid. Polyporenic acid C can be isolated from Poria cocos. Polyporenic acid C causes the cleavage of *caspase-8* and *caspase-3, as well as the cleavage of PARP. Polyporenic acid C reduces the phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473), increases the phosphorylation of PTEN* and p53 (Ser15), and activates JNK. Polyporenic acid C induces Apoptosis. Polyporenic acid C shows anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer .

HY-N1983

Caudatin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid． Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight Plants Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism PARP Caspase Bcl-2 Family VEGFR FAK WDR5 p38 MAPK JNK PPAR
Caudatin is an orally active and brain-penetrant C-21 steroidal found in Cynanchum bungei decne with a variety of biological activities. Caudatin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cause cell phase arrest, induce apoptosis, autophagy, ROS prodution and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Caudatin activates PARP, *caspase-3, -7, -9, upregulates pro-apoptotic Bad* and Bax and downregulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Caudatin suppresses VEGF, FAK phosphorylation, upregulates p21, p27, DR5 protein expression, activates the p38 MAPK, JNK and PPARα/TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal signaling pathways. Caudatin can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and neurological disease, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease ^[3] .

HY-N7045

Isosilybin B 2 Publications Verification	Flavanonols Flavonoids Glycine soya Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Androgen Receptor Apoptosis CDK Caspase PSMA
Isosilybin B is a flavonolignan. Isosilybin B can be isolated from Silybum marianum. Isosilybin B can regulate cell cycle-related proteins (e.g., reduce cyclins (D3, D1, A, E), Cdk4, Cdk2, Cdc25A), and activate *Caspases* (Caspase-9 and *Caspase-3). Isosilybin B can promote Apoptosis, reduce androgen receptor (AR)* and PSA. Isosilybin B has anticancer activity against prostate cancer .

HY-126956

Porphyra 334	Structural Classification Animals Classification of Application Fields Sunscreen Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Amino acids Cosmetic Research Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP Collagen PPAR DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis Caspase
Porphyra 334 is a carnosine-like amino acid and a natural photoprotective agent and antioxidant. Porphyra-334 exerts its photoprotective effects by scavenging ROS, inhibiting the expression and activity of MMP-1/8, and promoting the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Porphyra 334 effectively inhibits linoleic acid oxidation induced by alkyl radicals (AAPH) and singlet oxygen. Porphyra 334 has anti-obesity potential by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα. Porphyra 334 protects cells against UV-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of *caspase-3* ^[3] .

HY-N4102

5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin	Infection Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Coumarins Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis JNK FOXO Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase
5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin is an antioxidant. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin protects mouse cochlear hair cells from Cisplatin-induced damage, enhances cell viability and inhibits apoptosis. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin downregulates phosphorylated JNK levels, increases the ratio of phosphorylated FoxO1 to total FoxO1, scavenges free radicals, reduces ROS accumulation, maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin downregulates the expression of *caspase-3* and improves cell viability. 5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin can be used in studies related to ototoxicity .

HY-N6082

Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside 1 Publications Verification	Quinones Structural Classification Monophenols Rheum palmatum L. Classification of Application Fields Anthraquinones Polygonaceae Phenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family Caspase TGF-beta/Smad Bacterial
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside is an orally active glycoside found in Rhubarb. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis, recovers altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression, reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved *caspase-3* protein expression, and inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside accelerates Sennoside A (HY-N0365) metabolism, stimulates sennoside A purgative activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, suppresses its virulence gene expression, and exerts antibacterial activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside can be used for the research of diabetic nephropathy, constipation, and infection ^[3].

HY-124344

Avenanthramide C	Simple Phenylpropanols Avena sativa Linn. Gramineae Phenylpropanoids Plants Source Classification	Interleukin Related
Avenanthramide C is an orally active avenanthramide that can be isolated from oat seeds. Avenanthramide C decreases the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and increases the expression of p-GSK3β(Ser9) and IL-10 levels. Avenanthramide C has the potential for the research of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-N12503

Patuletin	Flavonols Flavonoids Amaranthaceae Plants Spinacia oleracea L. Source Classification	Apoptosis Caspase
Patuletin is a flavonol, that can be isolated from the flowers of Tagetes patula. Patuletin shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Patuletin causes significant nuclear fragmentation and has a great capacity to induce *caspase-3* activation .

HY-N6801

Nivalenol	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family
Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, *caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine* thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia ^[3].

HY-N0566

23-Hydroxybetulinic acid Anemosapogenin	Triterpenes Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Autophagy Bcl-2 Family Caspase Survivin p38 MAPK MMP
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid (Anemosapogenin) is an orally active triterpenoid with broad-spectrum anticancer activity. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid reduces the levels of Bcl-2 and survivin, elevates the level of Bax, promotes the cleavage/activation of *caspase-3* and *caspase-9, and induces apoptosis* via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway involving cytochrome C release and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid arrests the cell cycle at S and G1 phases, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, blocks the MAPK signaling pathway, regulates MMP2, and induces autophagic apoptosis by upregulating beclin-1. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid inhibits the activity and efflux function of P-gp, increases the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, and synergistically enhances cytotoxicity with Doxorubicin (HY-15142). 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6, blocks M2 macrophage polarization, and reduces M2 macrophage-mediated apoptosis resistance of colon cancer cells. 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid can be used in related studies on chronic myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcoma 180, multidrug-resistant breast cancer, leukemia, Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and colorectal cancer ^[3] .

HY-W748591

Cannflavin A	Flavonoids Cannabis sativa L Flavones Plants Moraceae Source Classification	Apoptosis Amyloid-β KMO
Cannflavin A can be isolated from Cannabis sativa L.. Cannflavin A has anti-cancer, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. Cannflavin A inhibits Aβ_1-42 aggregation. Cannflavin A also inhibits kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) (IC₅₀ = 29.4 μM). Cannflavin A activates apoptosis via caspase-3 cleavage. Cannflavin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, including prostaglandin E2 and cytochrome c oxidases I and II in PC12 cell line ^[3] .

HY-N2135

Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside	Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Isoflavones Source Classification	Apoptosis Caspase Bcl-2 Family Tyrosinase
Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside is one of the major iso-flavones found in P. lobata. Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces apoptosis by upregulating cleaved *caspase-3, 7, 9, Bax* and downregulating Bcl-2 levles and inhibits tumor growth in mice. Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside has anti-osteoporotic activity in ovariectomized mice. Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside inhibits mushroom tyrosinase with an IC₅₀ of 513.8 μM. Puerarin 6''-O-Xyloside can be used for the research of human lung carcinoma, osteoporosis, melanosis and melanomar ^[3].

HY-N1157

Thevetiaflavone Apigenin-5-methyl ether	Flavonoids other families Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase
Thevetiaflavone could upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulate that of Bax and *caspase-3*.

HY-N1423B

Glycocholic acid hydrate 3 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Caspase G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 LPL Receptor MDM-2/p53 Bcl-2 Family P-glycoprotein FXR Bacterial Apoptosis
Glycocholic acid hydrate is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid hydrate downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, *caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5* and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid hydrate inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid hydrate modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid hydrate suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid hydrate can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ^[3].

HY-W106456

3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole	Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Rutaceae Plants Source Classification	Caspase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole induces *caspase-3* activities and the cellular generation of eactive oxygen species. 3-Methoxy-9H-Carbazole inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis .

HY-N12717

Casuarinin	Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Structural Classification Combretaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	PAK FASTK HSP p38 MAPK NF-κB NO Synthase COX HSV Caspase TNF Receptor Fungal Apoptosis
Casuarinin is an orally active antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, virucidal and gastroprotective agent. Casuarinin upregulates the expression of p21/WAF1, Fas/APO‑1, mFasL, sFasL and HSP‑70, arrests cell cycle, induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Casuarinin inhibits TNF‑α-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and activation of NF‑κB, downregulates the expression of iNOS, NF‑κB, COX‑2 and ICAM‑1, and reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators. Casuarinin attenuates ethanol-induced activation of *caspase‑3* and elevation of TNF‑α, inhibits the growth of *Candida albicans, and inhibits HSV‑2*. Casuarinin can be used in research related to mammary adenocarcinoma, inflammatory skin diseases, gastric ulcers, candidiasis and herpes simplex virus infections ^[3] .

HY-19696R

Tauroursodeoxycholate (Standard) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (Standard); TUDCA (Standard); UR 906 (Standard)	Structural Classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards ERK Caspase Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tauroursodeoxycholate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-19696AR

Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (Standard) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Standard); TUDCA sodium (Standard); UR 906 sodium (Standard)	Structural Classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	ERK Caspase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards
Tauroursodeoxycholate (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tauroursodeoxycholate (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-N6861

Lucidenic acid B	Triterpenes Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Polyporaceae Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Apoptosis
Lucidenic acid B is a natural compound isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, induces apoptosis of cancer cells, and causes the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. Lucidenic acid B does not affect the cell cycle profile, or the number of necrotic cells .

HY-W040329R

2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Immune System Disorder Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Caspase Apoptosis
2'-Deoxyadenosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates *caspase-3* and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3].

HY-N0320

Salvianolic acid D	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Labiatae Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Lignans Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 NF-κB
Salvianolic acid D is a depside. Salvianolic acid D can be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Salvianolic acid D promotes the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibits the expressions of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and -9. Salvianolic acid D reduces the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Salvianolic acid D inhibits the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. Salvianolic acid D suppresses inflammatory responses and alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Salvianolic acid D serves as a potential antiplatelet active component ^[3].

HY-W748509

Pipernonaline	Piper longum Linn. Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Piperaceae Plants Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Pipernonaline is a piperine derivative with antiprostate cancer activity. Pipernonaline inhibits the proliferation of androgen-dependent/independent LNCaP/PC-3 prostate cells. Pipernonaline activates caspase-3 and promotes procaspase-3/PARP cleavage. Pipernonaline also mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased intracellular Ca(2+), and mitochondrial membrane depolarization .

HY-N6690

Destruxin B 1 Publications Verification	Infection Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Cyclopeptides Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis
Destruxin B, isolated from entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, is one of the cyclodepsipeptides with insecticidal and anticancer activities. Destruxin B induces apoptosis via a Bcl-2 Family-dependent mitochondrial pathway in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells . Destruxin B significantly activates *caspase-3* and reduces tumor cell proliferation through caspase-mediated apoptosis, not only in vitro but also in vivo .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-N1423S

Glycocholic acid-d4

Glycocholic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Glycocholic acid (HY-N1423). Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

HY-19696S1

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d₄ is deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-19696AS

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4 sodium
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d₄ (sodium) is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-W040329S1

2'-Deoxyadenosine-13C10

2'-Deoxyadenosine- ¹³C₁₀ is ¹³C-labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329) ^{. 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^{^[3] .}}

HY-N6801S

Nivalenol-13C15

Nivalenol- ¹³C₁₅ is the ¹³C labeled Nivalenol (HY-N6801) . Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia.

HY-B0347S1

Lacidipine-13C8

Lacidipine- ¹³C₈ is the deuterium labeled Lacidipine . Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) ^[3].

HY-B0960S

Sulfabenzamide-d4

Sulfabenzamide (N-Sulfanilylbenzamide)-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Sulfabenzamide (HY-B0960). Sulfabenzamide is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent. Sulfabenzamide exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). Sulfabenzamide can promote autophagic cell autophagy in breast cancer cells through p53/ DRAM pathway. Sulfabenzamide increases caspase-3 activity, deactivates PARP1 and DNA-PK, downregulates AKT1 and AKT2. Sulfabenzamide can be used for the researches of breast cancer and bacterial infections .

HY-W011683S6

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-13C10,15N5 hydrate

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-19696S

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d5
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-N1423S1

Glycocholic acid-d5

Glycocholic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Glycocholic acid (HY-N1423). Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

HY-W011683S3

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-5′-13C

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-5′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-W011683S

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′-13C

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-1′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-10448S4

Capsaicin-d7
Capsaicin-d₇ is deuterated labeled Capsaicin (HY-10448). Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin induces a nociceptive response by binding to its receptors. Capsaicin has analgesic effects on neurological disorders. Capsaicin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects .

HY-19696S2

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d4-1
Tauroursodeoxycholate-d₄-1 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

HY-B0621S

Triclabendazole-d3
Triclabendazole-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Triclabendazole (HY-B0621). Triclabendazole is an orally active parasite inhibitor. Triclabendazole has anti-Leishmania activity and induces gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis by caspase-3 activation. Triclabendazole can be used for the research of fasciola hepatica ^[3].

HY-W020050S

Cystamine-d8 dihydrochloride

Cystamine-d₈ (dihydrochloride） is the deuterium labeled Cystamine (dihydrochloride） . Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC₅₀ value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) ^[3] .

HY-B0347S3

Lacidipine-13C4

Lacidipine- ¹³C₄ is ¹³C labeled Lacidipine (HY-B0347). Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) .

HY-N0361S

Dihydrocapsaicin-d3

Dihydrocapsaicin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Dihydrocapsaicin (HY-N0361) . Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat ^[3] .

HY-W778207

2'-Deoxyadenosine-13C5 monohydrate

2'-Deoxyadenosine- ¹³C₅ monohydrate is the ¹³C labeled isotope of '-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W040329). 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3].

HY-W745905

2'-Deoxyadenosine-15N1

2'-Deoxyadenosine- ¹⁵N₁ is the ¹⁵N-labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329). 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3].

HY-W011683S7

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-15N5

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate- ¹⁵N₅ is the ¹⁵N labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-W011683S1

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-2′-13C

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-2′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate(HY-W011683) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-W040329S

2'-Deoxyadenosine-13C10,15N5

2'-Deoxyadenosine- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ is ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-W710827

N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide-d6

N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide-d₆ is the deuterium labeled N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (HY-D0848). N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (Bisacrylamide) is an orally active acrylamide dimer and crosslinker. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide increases CYP2E1, P53, cleaved caspase-3. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide promotes hepatic cancer. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide changes sperm abnormality rate and sperm count. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide decreases the number of various cells in the blood as well as induces liver and testicular damage. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide is used to prepare polyacrylamide gel ^[3] .

HY-W011683S2

2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-13C
2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683) ^{caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer> ^{^[3]}}

HY-W040329S3

2'-Deoxyadenosine-15N5,d13

2'-Deoxyadenosine- ¹⁵N₅,d₁₃ is deuterium and ¹⁵N labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine (HY-W040329) . 2′-Deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine has an anticancer effect on colon cancer ^[3] .

HY-W754548

Glycocholic acid-13C2,d4

Glycocholic acid- ¹³C₂,d₄ is the deuterium labeled and ¹³C-labeled Glycocholic acid (HY-N1423). Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

HY-P10285S

d-KLA Peptide-d30

d-KLA Peptide (D-(KLAKLAK)2)-d₃₀ is the deuterium labeled d-KLA Peptide (HY-P10285). d-KLA Peptide, KLA peptide (HY-P5345) isomer, is a pro-apoptosis peptide. d-KLA Peptide can specifically target mitochondria and induce apoptosis by destroying the mitochondrial membrane. d-KLA Peptide increases caspase 3/7 activity, exerts proapoptotic activity and enhances antitumor efficacy in mouse melanoma models .

HY-W713297

Moroxydine hydrochloride-d8

Moroxydine hydrochloride-d₈ (ABOB hydrochloride-d₈) is the deuterium labeled Moroxydine (ABOB) hydrochloride (HY-B0420A). Moroxydine hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum agent with multi-antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza virus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, measles, mumps disease, hepatitis C virus, etc. Moroxydine hydrochloride exhibits excellent antiviral activity and shows low cytotoxicity to cells infected by dsRNA viruses (grass carp reovirus, GCRV) and large DNA viruses (giant salamander iridovirus, GSIV). Moroxydine hydrochloride blocks the GCRV-induced cytopathic effects and eliminates nucleocapsids in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells to keep the normal morphological structure. Moroxydine hydrochloride significantly inhibits the apoptosis, the caspase 3 activity, Bax expression and down-regulates Bcl-2 levels ^[1][2][3].

Targets Recommended: Caspase

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-16658BG

Z-VAD-FMK	Caspase Apoptosis	Cancer
Z-VAD-FMK is a *pan-caspase* inhibitor and also an ICE-like protease inhibitor, which inhibits apoptosis by preventing the processing of CPP32 to its active form. Z-VAD-FMK sensitivity varies primarily due to differential expression of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1). Z-VAD-FMK limits the cryopreservation-induced apoptosis by reducing *caspase-3* activity of in vitro produced bovine embryos. Z-VAD-FMK is immunosuppressive in vitro and inhibits T cell proliferation without blocking the processing of *caspase-8* and *caspase-3. Z-VAD-FMK leads to a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH)* with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in activated T cells. Z-VAD-FMK is due to oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH. Z-VAD-FMK can be used for the study of acute pancreatitis ^[3] .

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