Metronidazole hydrochloride
Based on 72 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Metronidazole hydrochloride (SC 326421) is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic, can be used to research anaerobic infections. Metronidazole hydrochloride can cross blood brain barrier and results inflammation and skeletal muscle contraction under long-term application.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.44%
- CAS No.: 69198-10-3
- Formula: C6H10ClN3O3
- Molecular Weight:207.61
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Storage:Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Metronidazole hydrochloride
More- Cancer Cell. 2025 Sep 25:S1535-6108(25)00394-0. [Abstract]
- Science. 2026 Mar 19;391(6791):eadu7686. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2025 Jan 7;37(1):87-103.e10. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Nov 7;35(11):1961-1975.e6. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2026 Mar 10;59(3):598-617.e11. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2026 Mar 27:S1074-7613(26)00086-5. [Abstract]
- Gut. 2025 May 7;74(6):935-947. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2026 Jul 8;34(7):1350-1366.e8. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2026 May 15. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2024 Oct 21:S2090-1232(24)00472-7. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2026 Dec 31;18(1):2620125. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2282790. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. [Abstract]
- Microbiome. 2020 Aug 20;8(1):120. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 May;12(20):e2409837. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2025 Oct 21;6(10):102410. [Abstract]
- Water Res. 2023 Jul 15:240:120110. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2024 Jul:205:107229. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2024 Jun:204:107214. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Jun 7;12(6):582. [Abstract]
- J Exp Med. 2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Nov 4;22(1):259. [Abstract]
- NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024 Oct 28;10(1):111. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Anal. 2023 Oct;13(10):1153-1167. [Abstract]
- Sci China Life Sci. 2026 Apr;69(4):1271-1283. [Abstract]
- Food Chem X. 2026 Feb 8:34:103646. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2026 Jul 31:236:119200. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 4):135835. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2024 Sep 1;19(9):2081-2088. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Oct:238:640-652. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2024 Oct;14(10):e70035. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Res. 2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. [Abstract]
- Am J Chin Med. 2024;52(5):1527-1554. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2026 May;25(5):e70539. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Feb 28;44(3):115356. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2020 Dec 1;33(9):108438. [Abstract]
- Neurotherapeutics. 2023 Sep;20(5):1405-1426. [Abstract]
- Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022 Dec;11(1):815-828. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Mar 1:358:120992. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Apr 10. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026 May;32(5):e70933. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Nov 15:307:119433. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Feb;31(2):e70253. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Dec;230(Pt 2):116593. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2020 Nov 15:261:118473. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jun 26:159:114888. [Abstract]
- Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jul 28;14:858130. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22990. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2025 Mar:385:115142. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Sep 25;28(11):113648. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 May 27;28(6):112763. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 May 13;28(7):112658. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2023 Oct 7;26(11):108158. [Abstract]
- Aquaculture. 2021, 736248.
- Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021 Feb 17;65(3):e01921-20. [Abstract]
- Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Apr;398(4):3681-3695. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2022 Mar;237(3):1845-1856. [Abstract]
- AMB Express. 2026 May 20. [Abstract]
- Carcinogenesis. 2023 Dec 2;44(8-9):682-694. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2022 Sep:149:94-106. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Aug 30:776:152161. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Mar 11.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Feb 26.
- SSRN. 2026 Jan 7.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 9.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Jul 25.
- Res Sq. 2024 Oct 02.
- bioRxiv. 2024 May 10.
- Research Square Print. 2023 Mar 10.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Aug.
- bioRxiv. 2019 Oct.
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ELISA
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WB
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RT-PCR
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In Vivo Imaging
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
All Antibiotic Isoforms
MoreAll Parasite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
Metronidazole hydrochloride acts on anaerobic microorganism following: passage through the cell membrane; (b) reductive action; (c) interaction with intracellular targets; (d) release of inactive end products, exerts function with toxic nitro and nitroso derivatives[1].
Metronidazole hydrochloride displays inhibitory activity towards anaerobic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Balantidium coli[1].
Metronidazole hydrochloride (4-8 μg/mL) inhibits anaerobic bacteria and shows good bactericidal activity[1].
Metronidazole hydrochloride (0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL; 12-96 h) induces granular formation and triggers apoptosis in Blastocystis sp[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Blastocystis sp. Cells
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Concentration:0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL
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Incubation Time:12, 24, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 hours
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Result:Decreased cell diameter, as a hallmark of an apoptotic cell, and resulted cell shrinkage.
Metronidazole hydrochloride (1 g/L; p.o.; 4 weeks) results skeletal muscle atrophy and changes the expression of genes involved in the muscle peripheral circadian rhythm machinery and metabolic regulation[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (200-220 g)[3]
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Dosage:135 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; once daily; 28 days
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Result:Caused inflammatory markers increasing, including iNOS, eNOS, Bax and caspase 3 protein expressions increasing and caused oxidative stress damage in brain tissue, with MDA content rising.
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Animal Model:SPF C57Bl/6J mice (6-7 months old)[4]
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Dosage:1 g/L (full dose)
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Administration:Oral gavage; provided with drinking water for 4 weeks, changed twice weekly
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Result:Resulted the muscle core clock and effector genes Cry2, Ror-β, E4BP4, PP ARγ and adiponectin expression increasing.
Decreased hind limb muscle weight and resulted in smaller fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 69198-10-3
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Appearance Oil
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Molecular Weight 207.61
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Formula C6H10ClN3O3
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SMILES
OCCN1C([N+]([O-])=O)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl
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Synonyms
SC 326421
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Pure form -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (72)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Cell
Ketogenic diet inhibits glioma progression by promoting gut microbiota-derived butyrate production. [Abstract]2025 Sep 25:S1535-6108(25)00394-0. PMID: 41005305 -
Science
Commensal-driven serotonin production modulates in vivo delivery of synthetic and viral vectors. [Abstract]2026 Mar 19;391(6791):eadu7686. PMID: 41855345 -
Cell Metab
Stress triggers irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea through a spermidine-mediated decline in type I interferon. [Abstract]2025 Jan 7;37(1):87-103.e10. PMID: 39366386 -
Cell Metab
High dietary fructose promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation via microbiota-derived acetate. [Abstract]2023 Nov 7;35(11):1961-1975.e6. PMID: 37797623 -
Immunity
2026 Mar 10;59(3):598-617.e11. PMID: 41722568 -
Immunity
NF-κB-activated fibroblasts orchestrate inflammaging and emergence of pro-inflammatory granzyme K+ T cells. [Abstract]2026 Mar 27:S1074-7613(26)00086-5. PMID: 41903549 -
Gut
Dysbiotic oral microbiota-derived kynurenine, induced by chronic restraint stress, promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by enhancing CD8+ T cell exhaustion. [Abstract]2025 May 7;74(6):935-947. PMID: 39904603 -
Cell Host Microbe
Gut bacteria that produce fatty acid ethanolamides alleviate diarrhea-predominant IBS with insulin resistance. [Abstract]2026 Jul 8;34(7):1350-1366.e8. PMID: 42320473 -
Cancer Res
Distinct Inflammatory Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Populations Mediate PD-1 Blockade Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events in Multiple Organs. [Abstract]2026 May 15. PMID: 42139517 -
J Adv Res
The gut microbiotas with metabolites regulate the protective role of miR-30a-5p in myocardial infarction. [Abstract]2024 Oct 21:S2090-1232(24)00472-7. PMID: 39442873 -
Gut Microbes
Gut microbial ammonia as a mediator of PFOS neurotoxicity and its remediation by the flavonoid Icaritin. [Abstract]2026 Dec 31;18(1):2620125. PMID: 41629743 -
Gut Microbes
Gut microbiota-mediated betaine regulates skeletal muscle fiber type transition by affecting m6A RNA methylation and Myh7 expression. [Abstract]2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. PMID: 40824213
Metronidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis of METTL3 and YTHDF2 protein expression from the CON and ABX (Ampicillin (1 g/L), Neomycin (1 g/L), Metronidazole (1 g/L), and vancomycin (0.5 g/L); drinking water from 6 to 12 weeks) mice (n = 3/group).
Metronidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2545434. [Abstract]
RT-qPCR analysis of METTL3 and YTHDF2 protein expression from the CON and ABX (Ampicillin (1 g/L), Neomycin (1 g/L), Metronidazole (1 g/L), and vancomycin (0.5 g/L); drinking water from 6 to 12 weeks) mice (n = 3/group).
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Gut Microbes
Multi-omics data reveals aberrant gut microbiota-host glycerophospholipid metabolism in association with neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. [Abstract]2023 Dec;15(2):2282790. PMID: 37992400
Metronidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2282790. [Abstract]
Depletion of CD8+ T cells in ABX-treated B16-F0 tumor-bearing mice dampened the antitumor effect of butyrate combined with anti-PD-1 (Figure 4b–e). Decreased serum IFN-γ and TNF-α production during the depletion of CD8+ T cells was also observed. ABX:an antibiotic cocktail of 0.5 g/L Vancomycin, 1 g/L Metronidazole, 1 g/L Neomycin and 1 g/L Ampicillin.
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Gut Microbes
Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell. [Abstract]2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. PMID: 37635362
Metronidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249143. [Abstract]
Targeted metabolomics analysis of gut microbial metabolites (AA, PA, and BA) in colon contents (feces) and serum from mice with or without ABX treatment (n = 6 per group). ABX: an antibiotic cocktail of 0.5 g/L Vancomycin, 1 g/L Metronidazole,1 g/L Neomycin and 1 g/L Ampicillin
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Microbiome
The gut microbiota regulates autism-like behavior by mediating vitamin B6 homeostasis in EphB6-deficient mice. [Abstract]2020 Aug 20;8(1):120. PMID: 32819434 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Microbiota-Derived Inosine Suppresses Systemic Autoimmunity via Restriction of B Cell Differentiation and Migration. [Abstract]2025 May;12(20):e2409837. PMID: 40289872 -
Cell Rep Med
Intestinal Lachnospiraceae bacterium-derived propionate inhibits the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21;6(10):102410. PMID: 41067230 -
Water Res
Quantifying community-wide antibiotic usage via urban water fingerprinting: Focus on contrasting resource settings in South Africa. [Abstract]2023 Jul 15:240:120110. PMID: 37247434 -
Pharmacol Res
Multi-omics approaches for the understanding of therapeutic mechanism for Huang-Qi-Long-Dan Granule against ischemic stroke. [Abstract]2024 Jul:205:107229. PMID: 38782148 -
Pharmacol Res
Oral microbiota dysbiosis alters chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors by modulating host metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Jun:204:107214. PMID: 38763328 -
Cell Death Dis
Effects of short-chain fatty acids in inhibiting HDAC and activating p38 MAPK are critical for promoting B10 cell generation and function. [Abstract]2021 Jun 7;12(6):582. PMID: 34099635 -
J Exp Med
2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. PMID: 41400657
Metronidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Med. 2026 Mar 2;223(3):e20241287. [Abstract]
The number and frequency of MAIT cells in the ear pinnae and lungs of mice at 8 wk old following treatment with Metronidazole (30 mg/kg/day; oral gavage; from 2 to 4 weeks).
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J Neuroinflammation
The gut microbiota limits systemic inflammation during neurotrophic viral CNS infection by priming tonic type I interferon signaling. [Abstract]2025 Nov 4;22(1):259. PMID: 41189008
Metronidazole hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Nov 4;22(1):259. [Abstract]
Sufficiently enhanced susceptibility to JE by ampicillin (A) and/or Metronidazole (M) (1 g/L; drinking water; for 21 days) treatment in C57BL/6 mice.
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NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes
Gut microbiota dysbiosis-mediated ceramides elevation contributes to corticosterone-induced depression by impairing mitochondrial function. [Abstract]2024 Oct 28;10(1):111. PMID: 39468065 -
J Pharm Anal
Protective effects of dioscin against Parkinson's disease via regulating bile acid metabolism through remodeling gut microbiome/GLP-1 signaling. [Abstract]2023 Oct;13(10):1153-1167. PMID: 38024855 -
Sci China Life Sci
Endometrial microbiota-dimethylglycine-Treg cell axis affects endometrial receptivity in recurrent implantation failure. [Abstract]2026 Apr;69(4):1271-1283. PMID: 41627665 -
Food Chem X
Machine learning prioritization of antibiotic residues in aquatic foods reveals exposure-driven genotoxic risk mediated by BCL2. [Abstract]2026 Feb 8:34:103646. PMID: 41756597 -
Food Res Int
Fructooligosaccharides alleviate early-life antibiotic-exposed food allergy via the Indole-3-propionic acid-AhR-Nrf2 Axis: A multi-omics prospective cohort study. [Abstract]2026 Jul 31:236:119200. PMID: 42116470 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Tremella aurantialba polysaccharides alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice by improving intestinal barrier via modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Nov;281(Pt 4):135835. PMID: 39306158 -
Neural Regen Res
Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to α-synuclein-related pathology associated with C/EBPβ/AEP signaling activation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2024 Sep 1;19(9):2081-2088. PMID: 38227539 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Gut microbiota derived butyrate enhances ferroptosis sensitivity in endometriosis through FFAR2/PPAR-γ/PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]2025 Oct:238:640-652. PMID: 40669572 -
Clin Transl Med
Gut microbiota of miR-30a-5p-deleted mice aggravate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct;14(10):e70035. PMID: 39360667 -
Cancer Immunol Res
NET-Triggered NLRP3 Activation and IL18 Release Drive Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. [Abstract]2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. PMID: 36255412 -
Am J Chin Med
Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Colonic Adenomatous Polyps Development by Orchestrating Gut Bifidobacterium and Serum Metabolome. [Abstract]2024;52(5):1527-1554. PMID: 39164214 -
Aging Cell
BNIP3-Dependent Mitophagy Non-Autonomously Regulates Systemic Aging via NF-κB Suppression in Drosophila. [Abstract]2026 May;25(5):e70539. PMID: 42128879 -
Cell Rep
Temporal dynamics of immune cell transcriptomics in brain metastasis progression influenced by gut microbiome dysbiosis. [Abstract]2025 Feb 28;44(3):115356. PMID: 40023843 -
Cell Rep
Multi-modal Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Brain Immune Landscape Plasticity during Aging and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. [Abstract]2020 Dec 1;33(9):108438. PMID: 33264626 -
Neurotherapeutics
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Aged Mice Render Recipient Mice Resistant to MPTP-Induced Nigrostriatal Degeneration Via a Neurogenesis-Dependent but Inflammation-Independent Manner. [Abstract]2023 Sep;20(5):1405-1426. PMID: 37596429 -
Emerg Microbes Infect
2022 Dec;11(1):815-828. PMID: 35191819 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Quyushengxin formula restores the integrity of intestinal barrier by regulating the gut microbiota to ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:358:120992. PMID: 41344523 -
J Agric Food Chem
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-Derived Indole-3-lactic Acid Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Integrity through the AhR/Nrf2/NF-κB Axis. [Abstract]2024 Apr 10. PMID: 38597152 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Sleep Deprivation Exacerbates Ischemic Stroke Outcomes via Akkermansia Depletion and Metabolic Dysregulation. [Abstract]2026 May;32(5):e70933. PMID: 42157727 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
PPARγ-responsive luciferase reporter system for high-throughput screening of chemical toxins with potential pulmonary fibrosis effects. [Abstract]2025 Nov 15:307:119433. PMID: 41273832 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Berberine Alleviates Kainic Acid-Induced Acute Epileptic Seizures in Mice via Reshaping Gut Microbiota-Associated Lipid Metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Feb;31(2):e70253. PMID: 39915895 -
Biochem Pharmacol
MNAM enhances Blautia abundance and modulates Th17/Treg balance to alleviate diabetes in T2DM mice. [Abstract]2024 Dec;230(Pt 2):116593. PMID: 39454734 -
Life Sci
Electroacupuncture preserves intestinal barrier integrity through modulating the gut microbiota in DSS-induced chronic colitis. [Abstract]2020 Nov 15:261:118473. PMID: 32971101 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Early-life antibiotic dysbiosis impairs microbial tryptophan- nicotinic acid metabolism exacerbating food allergy in adulthood. [Abstract]2025 Jun 26:159:114888. PMID: 40403504 -
Front Aging Neurosci
Transplantation of fecal microbiota from APP/PS1 mice and Alzheimer's disease patients enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cerebral cortex of wild-type mice. [Abstract]2022 Jul 28;14:858130. PMID: 35966768 -
Sci Rep
The role and mechanism of lung microbiota in coal mine dust-induced NLRP3 inflammasome upregulate and lung injury. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2;15(1):22990. PMID: 40594884 -
Exp Neurol
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition mediates the therapeutic effects in Parkinson's disease mice by modulating inflammation and neurogenesis in a gut microbiota dependent manner. [Abstract]2025 Mar:385:115142. PMID: 39793693 -
iScience
Stability and biocompatibility of hBD3 with different chiral configurations and their therapeutic efficacy in periodontitis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 25;28(11):113648. PMID: 41142128 -
iScience
Gut microbiota from voluntary exercised mice protects the intestinal barrier by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation. [Abstract]2025 May 27;28(6):112763. PMID: 40585508 -
iScience
AF6 regulates intestinal IgA via crosstalk between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease. [Abstract]2025 May 13;28(7):112658. PMID: 40687779 -
iScience
Analysis of microbiota reveals the underlying mechanism of PHF11 in the development of Enterococcus-regulated endometriotic cysts. [Abstract]2023 Oct 7;26(11):108158. PMID: 37915596 -
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Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Dihydrotanshinone I Is Effective against Drug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori In Vitro and In Vivo. [Abstract]2021 Feb 17;65(3):e01921-20. PMID: 33318002 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
5-aminosalicylic acid alleviates colitis and protects intestinal barrier function by modulating gut microbiota in mice. [Abstract]2025 Apr;398(4):3681-3695. PMID: 39352537 -
J Cell Physiol
Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates irradiation-induced intestinal injury by activation of FXR-FGF15 signaling in intestinal epithelia. [Abstract]2022 Mar;237(3):1845-1856. PMID: 34881818 -
AMB Express
Odoribacter laneus protects intestinal barrier by bile acid-FXR axis in acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]2026 May 20. PMID: 42162499 -
Carcinogenesis
EphB6 deficiency in intestinal neurons promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer by neurotransmitter GABA signaling. [Abstract]2023 Dec 2;44(8-9):682-694. PMID: 37294054 -
Mol Immunol
Alteration of intestinal microecology by oral antibiotics promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma development. [Abstract]2022 Sep:149:94-106. PMID: 35803000 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Multi-omics approaches to explore the therapeutic mechanism for ginsenoside Rg1 against MASLD. [Abstract]2025 Aug 30:776:152161. PMID: 40527176 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (481.67 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.04 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.04 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Scully BE. Metronidazole. Med Clin North Am. 1988 May;72(3):613-21. [Content Brief]
[2]. Dhurga DB, et al. Granular Formation during Apoptosis in Blastocystis sp. Exposed to Metronidazole (MTZ). PLoS One. 2016 Jul 29;11(7):e0155390. [Content Brief]
[3]. Chaturvedi S, et al. Mechanistic exploration of quercetin against metronidazole induced neurotoxicity in rats: Possible role of nitric oxide isoforms and inflammatory cytokines. Neurotoxicology. 2020 Jul;79:1-10. [Content Brief]
[4]. Manickam R, et al. Metronidazole Causes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Modulates Muscle Chronometabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Aug 16;19(8):2418. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 4.8167 mL | 24.0836 mL | 48.1672 mL | 120.4181 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9633 mL | 4.8167 mL | 9.6334 mL | 24.0836 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4817 mL | 2.4084 mL | 4.8167 mL | 12.0418 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3211 mL | 1.6056 mL | 3.2111 mL | 8.0279 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2408 mL | 1.2042 mL | 2.4084 mL | 6.0209 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1927 mL | 0.9633 mL | 1.9267 mL | 4.8167 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1606 mL | 0.8028 mL | 1.6056 mL | 4.0139 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1204 mL | 0.6021 mL | 1.2042 mL | 3.0105 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0963 mL | 0.4817 mL | 0.9633 mL | 2.4084 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0803 mL | 0.4014 mL | 0.8028 mL | 2.0070 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0602 mL | 0.3010 mL | 0.6021 mL | 1.5052 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0482 mL | 0.2408 mL | 0.4817 mL | 1.2042 mL |