Physalin F
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Physalin F is a secosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Physalin F induces apoptosis of PBMC, decreasing the spontaneous proliferation and cytokine production caused by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.98%
- CAS No.: 57423-71-9
- Formula: C28H30O10
- Molecular Weight:526.53
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A549 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 22
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Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 22
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Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| HT-1080 | IC50 |
2.41 μM
Compound: Physalin F
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Antiproliferative activity against human HT-1080 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation measured after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HT-1080 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation measured after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 33735687] |
| L02 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 22
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Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 22
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Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
0.6 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 33586438] |
| NCI-H460 | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 33586438] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 33586438] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 22
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Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
7.9 μM
Compound: 22
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Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production pretreated with LPS followed by compund addition by Griess reagent based microplate reader assay
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production pretreated with LPS followed by compund addition by Griess reagent based microplate reader assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| SF-268 | IC50 |
0.5 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against human SF-268 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human SF-268 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 33586438] |
| SGC-7901 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 22
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Antiproliferative activity against human SGC-7901 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human SGC-7901 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 35608269] |
| WI-38 | IC50 |
3.5 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against human WI-38 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human WI-38 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 to 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 33586438] |
In Vitro
Physalin F is a seco-steroid from Physalis angulate L.[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 57423-71-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 526.53
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Formula C28H30O10
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[C@@]([C@@](OC1=O)([H])C2)(OC3=O)[C@@]([C@@]3(CC[C@@]4([H])[C@@]5([H])C[C@@H](O6)[C@]6(CC=C7)[C@@]4(C7=O)C)O)(O[C@@]58C9=O)[C@]9([H])[C@]2([C@@]1([H])CO8)C
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (189.92 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.11 mg/mL (2.11 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.11 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (11.1 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Detection of Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.8992 mL | 9.4961 mL | 18.9923 mL | 47.4807 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3798 mL | 1.8992 mL | 3.7985 mL | 9.4961 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1899 mL | 0.9496 mL | 1.8992 mL | 4.7481 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1266 mL | 0.6331 mL | 1.2662 mL | 3.1654 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0950 mL | 0.4748 mL | 0.9496 mL | 2.3740 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0760 mL | 0.3798 mL | 0.7597 mL | 1.8992 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0633 mL | 0.3165 mL | 0.6331 mL | 1.5827 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0475 mL | 0.2374 mL | 0.4748 mL | 1.1870 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0380 mL | 0.1899 mL | 0.3798 mL | 0.9496 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0317 mL | 0.1583 mL | 0.3165 mL | 0.7913 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0237 mL | 0.1187 mL | 0.2374 mL | 0.5935 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0190 mL | 0.0950 mL | 0.1899 mL | 0.4748 mL |
Physalin F Related Classifications
HY-N7696 Related Classifications
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