Sodium citrate modified Pd nanoparticles

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, noble metal nanoparticles, represented by platinum, gold, silver, and palladium, have been extensively studied by many scientists. Palladium is a noble metal belonging to the platinum group elements. Its elemental form is a silvery-white transition metal, soft in texture and possessing good ductility and malleability. Palladium nanoparticles, due to their unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties, have shown remarkable application potential in multiple fields. Surface modification of palladium nanoparticles with sodium citrate can significantly improve their dispersibility, stability, and biocompatibility, and facilitate further coupling with other biomolecules or fluorescent molecules.