2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-119447S
    Mavacoxib-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Mavacoxib-d4 is the deuterium labeled Mavacoxib. Mavacoxib is a selective, oral long-acting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Mavacoxib is used to treat pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease in dogs.
    Mavacoxib-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-131384
    8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic Acid, as an inhibitor of prostaglandin, leukotriene biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, blocks human 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), cyclooxygenase (COX)and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with IC50 values of 0.46 μM, 14 μMand 25 μM, respectively. In addition, 8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic Acid inhibits the action of slow-reacting substances of allergic reactions, with IC50 value of 10 μM. Lipoxygenase is widely found in fungi, plants and animals. 12-LO involves in many important disease states and may play a role in oxidative glutamate toxicity. COX enzymes play complex roles in human physiology and pathology involving the neuronal, immune, renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. COX enzymes are blocked by aspirin and a variety of other NSAIDs, which makes them clinically important. 5-LO involves in cancer pathology. It is expressed by a variety of cancer cells, including colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers, and promotes cancer cell growth and neovascularization. 8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic acid
  • HY-B0227R
    Ketoprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ketoprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ketoprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ketoprofen can inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase with IC50 values of 2 nM (COX-1) and 26 nM (COX-2). which is potential in the research of inflammation, immunology, and metabolic disease such as obesity.
    Ketoprofen (Standard)
  • HY-B0261S1
    Meloxicam-d3-1
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Meloxicam-d3-1 is the deuterium labeled Meloxicam. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam-d<sub>3</sub>-1
  • HY-B1355AS1
    Oxyphenbutazone-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Oxyphenbutazone-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Oxyphenbutazone (HY-B1355A). Oxyphenbutazone is a phenylbutazone derivative, with anti-inflammatory effect. Oxyphenbutazone is a non-selective COX inhibitor. Oxyphenbutazone is the metabolite of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230). Oxyphenbutazone selectively kills non-replicating Mycobaterium tuberculosis.
    Oxyphenbutazone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-182779
    JNUTS013
    		Inhibitor
    JNUTS013 is a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. JNUTS013 promotes proteasome-dependent degradation of NLRP3 and inhibits the release of downstream cytokines. JNUTS013 downregulates the expression of inflammation-related proteins including iNOS and COX-2. JNUTS013 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases.
    JNUTS013
  • HY-122953
    Daturaolone
    		Inhibitor
    Daturaolone is a natural triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials. Daturaolone displays a COX-1 inhibitory activity.
    Daturaolone
  • HY-17479AR
    Amfenac Sodium Hydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Amfenac (Sodium Hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amfenac (Sodium Hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amfenac Sodium Hydrate is a COX-2 inhibitor.
    Amfenac Sodium Hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-151429
    Antitumor agent-77
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-77 is an antitumor agent, inhibits cancer cells growth and migration. Antitumor agent-77 triggers ferroptosis by inhibiting GPx-4 and elevating COX2. Antitumor agent-77 also activates intrinsic apoptotic pathway (Bax-Bcl-2-caspase-3) and hinders Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of cancer cells.
    Antitumor agent-77
  • HY-P11646
    Brazzein
    		Inhibitor
    Brazzein is a functional sweetener with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities.
    Brazzein inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 of 12.62 μM. Brazzein exhibits strong antioxidant effects, showing ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 12.55 μM). Brazzein shows no antibacterial or antifungal activity. Brazzein can be used for the research of obesity, metabolic disorder, inflammation.
    Brazzein
  • HY-162167
    COX-1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1-IN-1 (compound 15a) is a selective inhibitor for cyclooxygenase (COX), with IC50s of 0.23 μM (COX-1) and >50 μM (COX-2), selective index (COX-2 IC50/COX-1 IC50) is 217. COX-1-IN-1 inhibits platelet aggregation.
    COX-1-IN-1
  • HY-W012817R
    Methylhydroquinone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methylhydroquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylhydroquinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylhydroquinone is an orally active COX inhibitor with IC50s of 480.7 μM and 52.2 μM for ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2, respectively. Methylhydroquinone has potential DNA damaging effects: 1) inhibiting COX-1 to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and exert anti-inflammatory activity; 2) inducing DNA single-strand breaks. Methylhydroquinone exerts its effects by competitively binding to the active sites of COX-1 (such as Tyr385, Met522) and non-covalent interactions[1][2].
    Methylhydroquinone (Standard)
  • HY-138101
    Desmethyl etoricoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Desmethyl etoricoxib (example 21) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 μM in whole blood. Desmethyl etoricoxib inhibits COX-1 with an IC50 of 16 μM in U937 cells. Desmethyl etoricoxib has anti-inflammatory effects.
    Desmethyl etoricoxib
  • HY-163187
    COX-2/LOX-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/LOX-IN-1 (compound 5) is a dual cyclooxygenase-2/lipoxygenase (COX-2/LOX) inhibitor with IC50s of 30 μM and 0.55 μM, for LOX and COX-2, respectively. .
    COX-2/LOX-IN-1
  • HY-115967
    COX-1/2-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1/2-IN-2 is a potent COX1/2 inhibitor. COX-1/2-IN-2 exhibits significant inhibitory effect against COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 9.7 ± 0.09 µM and 4.6 ± 1.45 µM, respectively.
    COX-1/2-IN-2
  • HY-150755
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 (Compound W10) is a potent dual-target inhibitor of Topo I and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.90 μM and 2.31 μM, respectively. Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 induces cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
  • HY-N16482
    Cassiatannin A
    		Inhibitor
    Cassiatannin A is a tetramer of proanthocyanidin (HY-N0794) found in Cinnamomum cassia. Cassiatannin A shows COX-2 inhibitor activity with inhibition rate of 38, 52 and 97% at 10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL. Cassiatannin A can be used for the research of inflammation.
    Cassiatannin A
  • HY-17481
    Bumadizone
    		Inhibitor
    Bumadizone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and can relieve pain.
    Bumadizone
  • HY-15321S1
    Etoricoxib-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Etoricoxib-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Etoricoxib. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
    Etoricoxib-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-121828
    TX-1123
    		Inhibitor
    TX-1123 is a potent protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor for Src, eEF2-K, and PKA, and EGFR-K/PKC. TX-1123 is a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.16 μM and 15.7 μM for COX2 and COX1, respectively. TX-1123 has low mitochondrial toxicity. TX-1123 can be used in research of cancer.
    TX-1123
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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