Brazilin
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.17%
- CAS No.: 474-07-7
- Formula: C16H14O5
- Molecular Weight:286.28
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Delphinidin chlorideAnthocyanidin -
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ChrysoeriolAntioxidant Agent -
HY-15449
KaempferideAnti-cancer/Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant -
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Cell Counting Kit-8 -
HY-N0072R
Brazilin (Standard)Autophagy Inducer -
HY-13065
IsobavachalconeAkt Inhibitor -
HY-13065R
Isobavachalcone (Standard)Akt Inhibitor
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Brazilin
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Customer Validation & Images
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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IF
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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RT-PCR
Biological Activity
Description
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A549 | IC50 |
15.56 μg/mL
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| A549 | IC50 |
54.41 μM
Compound: 3, CS-3
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Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21800859] |
| Ca9-22 | IC50 |
34.2 μM
Compound: 3, CS-3
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Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21800859] |
| Ca9-22 | IC50 |
9.78 μg/mL
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells
Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| Hep 3B2 | IC50 |
15.87 μM
Compound: 3, CS-3
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Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells after 3 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21800859] |
| Hep 3B2 | IC50 |
4.54 μg/mL
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells
Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
12.03 μM
Compound: 3, CS-3
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Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21800859] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
3.47 μg/mL
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
21.99 μM
Compound: 3, CS-3
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21800859] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
6.29 μg/mL
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
7.23 μM
Compound: Brazilien
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 68 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 68 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 29306837] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
10.8 μM
Compound: 3, CS-3
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Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21800859] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
3.09 μg/mL
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| Neutrophil | IC50 |
16.7 μM
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/cytochalasin B-induced elastase release
Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/cytochalasin B-induced elastase release
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| Neutrophil | IC50 |
4.6 μM
Compound: 2, Brazilin
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Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/cytochalasin B-induced superoxide anion generation
Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/cytochalasin B-induced superoxide anion generation
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[PMID: 20036537] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
43.5 μM
Compound: 5
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Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method
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[PMID: 23127886] |
In Vitro
Brazilin (40 µM, 24 h) shows no significant cytotoxic effect on PC12 cells[4].
Brazilin (10 μM, 1 h) reduces H2O2-induced (200 μM, 24 h) cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells[4].
Brazilin (10 μM, 1 h) antagonists H2O2-induced (200 μM, 24 h) cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:PC12 cell line
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Concentration:10, 20 μM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Attenuated 200 µM H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability at the concentration of 10 µM and 20 µM.(47.83 and 91.51% of the control value, respectively)
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Chronic mild stress (CMS) mice model[4]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.), once a day for 28 d
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Result:Decreased the prolonged latency to feeding significantly.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 474-07-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 286.28
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Formula C16H14O5
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Color Yellow to brown
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SMILES
OC1=CC=C([C@]2([H])[C@](CC3=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C3)(O)CO4)C4=C1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Apoptosis
Brazilin alleviates acute lung injury via inhibition of ferroptosis through the SIRT3/GPX4 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Apr;30(3-4):768-783. PMID: 39720978
Brazilin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):768-783. [Abstract]
Representative hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining images of mouse lung tissues and Lung injury score treated with Brazilin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.).
Brazilin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):768-783. [Abstract]
Representative TUNEL staining (red) of lung sections treated with Brazilin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.).
Brazilin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):768-783. [Abstract]
Protein expression levels of Ac-SOD2 and SOD2 treated with Brazilin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.).
Brazilin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):768-783. [Abstract]
Cell viability and LDH release after treatment with Brazilin (2.5, 5, 10 μM).
Brazilin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):768-783. [Abstract]
LPS exposure decreased the expression levels of GLRX3, PRDX3, SIRT3, and TRX2, while elevating NOX2 expression at gene levels; however, Brazilin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated the oxidative stress induced by LPS.
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Histol Histopathol
Brazilin attenuates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. [Abstract]2025 Sep 9:18982. PMID: 40922656
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (116.42 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.73 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.73 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Autophagy
Autophagy is a process in which eukaryotic cells use lysosomes to degrade their own cytoplasmic proteins and damaged organelles under the regulation of autophagy related gene (Atg). Microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) is recognized as autophagy marker, which transfers from cytoplasmic LC3 (LC3-I) to membrane type (LC3-II). LC3-II/I ratio could be detected by Western Blot and fluorescence microscopy.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining
Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining detects acidic intracellular compartments by using membrane-permeant acidotropic probes that accumulate in low-pH vesicles, including lysosomes, late endosomes, autolysosomes, and acidic phagosomes. LysoTracker staining is commonly used as an intensity-based readout of acidic lysosomal compartment abundance or enlargement, while acridine orange produces green fluorescence in less concentrated compartments and red fluorescence after concentration-dependent accumulation in acidic vesicular organelles. Loss or reduction of acridine-orange red signal can be used as a readout of lysosomal membrane permeabilization or reduced acidic-vesicle integrity. This protocol is designed for live cultured cells and can be adapted for fluorescence microscopy, high-content imaging, plate-reader readout, or flow cytometry when the selected literature supports the readout. Because these dyes report acidotropic accumulation rather than lysosome identity alone,
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Macroautophagy Solutions
Macroautophagy is a conserved lysosome-dependent degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic material is sequestered into double-membrane autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. The pathway supports cellular homeostasis during nutrient limitation, organelle stress, protein-aggregate accumulation, infection, differentiation, and tissue remodeling by coupling cargo sequestration, autophagosome maturation, lysosomal fusion, and degradation of cargo-derived macromolecules. The core molecular sequence includes initiation by nutrient- and stress-regulated autophagy machinery, autophagosome nucleation, LC3/ATG8-family conjugation to autophagosomal membranes, cargo selection through receptors such as SQSTM1/p62, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and lysosomal degradation. LC3 was identified as a mammalian homolog of yeast Atg8 that localizes to autophagosomal membranes after processing, and p62/SQSTM1 was shown to connect ubiquitinated cargo with autophagic degradati
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Dapson RW, et al. Brazilwood, sappanwood, brazilin and the red dye brazilein: from textile dyeing and folk medicine to biological staining and musical instruments. Biotech Histochem. 2015;90(6):401-23. [Content Brief]
[2]. Jia Y, et al. [Effect of brazilin on apoptosis and autophagy of tongue cancer Tca8113 cells and its molecular mechanism]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2019 Mar 30;39(3):351-356. [Content Brief]
[3]. Weinmann D, et al, Brazilin blocks catabolic processes in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes via inhibition of NFKB1/p50. J Orthop Res. 2018 Sep;36(9):2431-2438. [Content Brief]
[4]. Xi Wang, et al. Brazilin Treatment Produces Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2019, 42, 8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.4931 mL | 17.4654 mL | 34.9308 mL | 87.3271 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6986 mL | 3.4931 mL | 6.9862 mL | 17.4654 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3493 mL | 1.7465 mL | 3.4931 mL | 8.7327 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2329 mL | 1.1644 mL | 2.3287 mL | 5.8218 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1747 mL | 0.8733 mL | 1.7465 mL | 4.3664 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1397 mL | 0.6986 mL | 1.3972 mL | 3.4931 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1164 mL | 0.5822 mL | 1.1644 mL | 2.9109 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0873 mL | 0.4366 mL | 0.8733 mL | 2.1832 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0699 mL | 0.3493 mL | 0.6986 mL | 1.7465 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0582 mL | 0.2911 mL | 0.5822 mL | 1.4555 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0437 mL | 0.2183 mL | 0.4366 mL | 1.0916 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0349 mL | 0.1747 mL | 0.3493 mL | 0.8733 mL |
Brazilin Related Classifications
HY-N0072 Related Classifications
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