IL-20

Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an IL-10 family cytokine discovered through keratinocyte psoriasis models; it is secreted by monocytes, macrophages and keratinocytes and signals via two distinct receptor complexes, IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ and IL-22Rα1/IL-20Rβ, converging on STAT3 activation. IL-20 acts preferentially on skin and mucosal tissues: it promotes keratinocyte proliferation, angiogenesis and the production of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines such as CXCL8, contributing to epidermal acanthosis and parakeratosis seen in psoriasis. In contrast to its inflammatory role in skin, IL-20 exerts protective effects in other contexts-it supports osteoblast differentiation, attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and colitis, and modulates hepatocyte regeneration. Its receptors are upregulated in psoriatic lesions, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis synovium, making the IL-20 axis a therapeutic consideration in inflammatory skin and joint diseases.