Art. -Nr.: HY-D0021

EthD bromide

(Synonyms: EtBr; Homidium bromide)

29 Cited Publications

Kundenbewertung

Based on 29 publication(s) in Google Scholar

EthD bromide is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis.

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Reinheit: 99.27%
CAS. Nr.: 1239-45-8
Formel: C₂₁H₂₀BrN₃
Molecular Weight:394.31

Speicherung:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

EthD bromide Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 1239-45-8

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (29)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

EthD bromide is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis.

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A2780	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Ethidium	Concentration required to inhibit 50% of human carcinoma A2780 cell lines Concentration required to inhibit 50% of human carcinoma A2780 cell lines	[PMID: 15501053]
CH1	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: Ethidium	Concentration required to inhibit 50% of human carcinoma CH1 cell lines Concentration required to inhibit 50% of human carcinoma CH1 cell lines	[PMID: 15501053]
HL-60	GI₅₀	5.8 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 hrs by resazurin dye based microplate reader analysis Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 hrs by resazurin dye based microplate reader analysis	[PMID: 37988797]
HL-60	GI₅₀	6.4 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs and measured at 48 hrs following resazurin challenge by resazurin assay Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs and measured at 48 hrs following resazurin challenge by resazurin assay	[PMID: 36870272]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	2.33 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA Inhibition of telomerase in human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA	[PMID: 25965778]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	2.1 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human MGC803 cell extracts after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA Inhibition of telomerase in human MGC803 cell extracts after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA	[PMID: 24119869]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	2.1 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA Inhibition of telomerase in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA	[PMID: 25554922]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	2.18 μM Compound: 2	Inhibition of telomerase in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA method Inhibition of telomerase in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA method	[PMID: 26883149]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	2.39 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase-mediated supercoiling activity in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA assay Inhibition of telomerase-mediated supercoiling activity in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA assay	[PMID: 23265905]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	2.47 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase supercoiling activity in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA assay Inhibition of telomerase supercoiling activity in human MGC803 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA assay	[PMID: 22405648]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	134.87 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24286761]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	2.5 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human SGC7901 cells by TRAP assay Inhibition of telomerase in human SGC7901 cells by TRAP assay	[PMID: 20800480]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	2.5 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human SGC7901 cells by TRAP assay Inhibition of telomerase in human SGC7901 cells by TRAP assay	[PMID: 20947362]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	2.6 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase activity expressed in human SGC7901 cells by SYBER green dye based TRAP Inhibition of telomerase activity expressed in human SGC7901 cells by SYBER green dye based TRAP	[PMID: 21486698]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	2.6 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human SGC7901 cells by TRAP assay Inhibition of telomerase in human SGC7901 cells by TRAP assay	[PMID: 23312949]
SK-OV-3	IC₅₀	4.5 μM Compound: Ethidium	Concentration required to inhibit 50% of human carcinoma SKOV3 cell lines Concentration required to inhibit 50% of human carcinoma SKOV3 cell lines	[PMID: 15501053]
SW 1116	IC₅₀	2.71 μM Compound: Ethidium bromide	Inhibition of telomerase in human SW1116 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA assay Inhibition of telomerase in human SW1116 cells after 24 hrs by TRAP-PCR-ELISA assay	[PMID: 24286761]

In Vitro

Guide (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs).
The preparation of agarose gel:
1. Agarose gels are commonly used in concentrations of 0.5% to 2.5% depending on the size of bands needed to be separated.
2. Mix the agarose powder with 1 X TAE/TBE.
3. Microwave for 1-3 min until the agarose is completely dissolved (Caution: not overboil).
4. Make the solution cool down before solidification.
5. Add EtBr to a final concentration of approximately 0.2-0.5 μg/mL.
6. EtBr binds to the DNA and you could visualize the DNA under ultraviolet (UV) light.
(Caution: EtBr is a known mutagen. Please pay attention to strengthening protection.)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 1239-45-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 394.31
Formel C₂₁H₂₀BrN₃
Color Dark purple to black
SMILES

CC[N+]1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC(N)=CC=C3C4=C1C=C(N)C=C4.[Br-]
Synonyms

EtBr; Homidium bromide
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Speicherung

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Publications (29)

All RT-PCRIHCWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Bioact Mater

cGAMP-targeting injectable hydrogel system promotes periodontal restoration by alleviating cGAS-STING pathway activation. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 13:48:55-70. PMID: 40303968

EthD bromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2025 Feb 13:48:55-70. [Abstract]

EthD bromide (EtBr, 100 ng/mL; 1 days) treatment significantly reduced mtDNA copy number.

EthD bromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2025 Feb 13:48:55-70. [Abstract]

WB analysis of proteins in the cGAS-STING pathway after mtDNA depletion (EthD bromide (EtBr): 100 ng/mL).
Sci Bull

Intercellular mitochondrial component transfer triggers ischemic cardiac fibrosis. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 30;68(16):1784-1799. PMID: 37517989
Metabolism

Acacetin ameliorates MASLD by inhibiting the Notch1 pathway in hepatocytes and reprogramming macrophage polarization via Keap1-Nrf2-mediated restraint of ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 7:182:156670. PMID: 42259496
J Nanobiotechnology

A novel tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based antibiotic delivery system: overcoming biofilm barriers to combat chronic infections. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;23(1):465. PMID: 40597263
Sci Adv

Lactate derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes alternative splicing and castration resistance in prostate cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 16;12(3):eady5324. PMID: 41544173
Cell Death Dis

Mitochondrial DNA release via VDAC1 in keratinocytes: a key driver of innate immunity and vitiligo pathogenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 18;17(1):318. PMID: 41851094
Nano Res

2026;19(1):94907900.
Free Radic Biol Med

VDAC1 Oligomerization-Mediated mtDNA Release under Sublethal Oxidative Stress: A Novel Inflammatory Mechanism in Vitiligo. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 11:S0891-5849(25)00975-X. PMID: 40945624
Free Radic Biol Med

mtDNA regulates cGAS-STING signaling pathway in adenomyosis. [Abstract]

2024 Apr:216:80-88. PMID: 38494142
Cell Rep

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced activation of AIM2 inflammasome is mediated by MOMP and MPT: A vital therapeutic pathway for inflammation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. PMID: 41385364
J Med Chem

Discovery of Unique Bis-Substituted Aromatic Amide Derivatives as Novel Highly Potent Antibiotics for Combating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [Abstract]

2024 Feb 8;67(3):2129-2151. PMID: 38289145
Pharmaceutics

Liposomal Delivery of Macleaya cordata Extract Alleviates Bacterial Diarrhea Through Intestinal Barrier Restoration, Microbiota Remodeling, and Inhibition of Inflammatory Factor Release. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 9;18(2):218. PMID: 41754960
Int Immunopharmacol

Targeting VDAC1-dependent mtDNA release attenuates fibroblast innate immune activation and vitiligo pathogenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 15:175:116411. PMID: 41722540
Int Immunopharmacol

tBHQ mitigates fatty liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2 to attenuate hepatocyte mitochondrial damage and macrophage STING activation. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 24:138:112515. PMID: 38917524
Int J Mol Sci

Novel Antidepressant Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Regulating the Dysfunction of the Glutamatergic System in Astrocytes. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 29;24(1):575. PMID: 36614017

EthD bromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 29;24(1):575. [Abstract]

Rg1 inhibited the opening of hemichannels in astrocytes induced by CORT. Representative images describing EthD bromide (EtBr) uptake via hemichannels in each group. Red fluorescence indicates EtBr-positive astrocytes. Blue fluorescence indicates nuclei.
Neurochem Int

Targeted stabilization of astrocytic Cx43 gap junctions reverses depression-like behaviors via dual restoration of syncytial networks and glutamatergic homeostasis. [Abstract]

2026 Jul-Aug:197:106168. PMID: 42102929
BMC Microbiol

YZ462 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through bacterial membrane disruption. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 11;25(1):728. PMID: 41219701
J Nutr Biochem

Curcumol ameliorates alcohol and high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease via modulation of the Ceruloplasmin/iron overload/mtDNA signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 14:109807. PMID: 39549858
Pestic Biochem Physiol

Arsenic-induced mtDNA release promotes inflammatory responses through cGAS-STING signaling in chicken hepatocytes. [Abstract]

2024 Nov:205:106129. PMID: 39477583
FEBS J

Oxaliplatin accelerates immunogenic cell death by activating the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF5 pathway in gastric cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 22. PMID: 40260556
FEBS J

Radiation resistance of cancer cells caused by mitochondrial dysfunction depends on SIRT3-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;290(14):3629-3645. PMID: 36871142
Exp Cell Res

NLRX1 and STING alleviate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating LC3 lipidation during mitophagy. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 4:114323. PMID: 39505095
Food Chem Toxicol

Mitochondrial DNA leakage and micronucleus formation activate the cGAS-STING pathway in aristolochic acid I-induced nephritis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:204:115648. PMID: 40681081
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Oscillatory shear stress promotes endothelial senescence and atherosclerosis via STING activation. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 30:715:149979. PMID: 38678779
Clin Exp Nephrol

Cytosolic mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis contributes to sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]

2024 May;28(5):375-390. PMID: 38238499
bioRxiv

It's Not Rewarding for Mitochondria: Dopamine-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Activates cGAS-STING to Drive IL-6 Secretion in Macrophages. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 25:2026.04.23.719926. PMID: 42079251
bioRxiv

2025 April 30.
bioRxiv

2025 April 05.
Sci Total Environ

Mitochondrial DNA release mediated by TFAM deficiency promotes copper-induced mitochondrial innate immune response via cGAS-STING signalling in chicken hepatocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 20:905:167315. PMID: 37742962

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (63.40 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.5361 mL

12.6804 mL

25.3608 mL

5 mM

0.5072 mL

2.5361 mL

5.0722 mL

10 mM

0.2536 mL

1.2680 mL

2.5361 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (644 KB)
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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. P Stevenson, et al. Comparison of isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide as prophylactic drugs for trypanosomiasis in cattle at Nguruman, Kenya. Acta Trop. 1995 May;59(2):77-84. [Content Brief]

[2]. Sabnis, Ram Wasudeo (2010). Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Application. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-40753-0.

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.5361 mL	12.6804 mL	25.3608 mL	63.4019 mL
	5 mM	0.5072 mL	2.5361 mL	5.0722 mL	12.6804 mL
	10 mM	0.2536 mL	1.2680 mL	2.5361 mL	6.3402 mL
	15 mM	0.1691 mL	0.8454 mL	1.6907 mL	4.2268 mL
	20 mM	0.1268 mL	0.6340 mL	1.2680 mL	3.1701 mL
	25 mM	0.1014 mL	0.5072 mL	1.0144 mL	2.5361 mL
	30 mM	0.0845 mL	0.4227 mL	0.8454 mL	2.1134 mL
	40 mM	0.0634 mL	0.3170 mL	0.6340 mL	1.5850 mL
	50 mM	0.0507 mL	0.2536 mL	0.5072 mL	1.2680 mL
	60 mM	0.0423 mL	0.2113 mL	0.4227 mL	1.0567 mL

Keywords

EthD bromide

29 Cited Publications

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EthD bromide

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) EthD bromide

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (29)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

EthD bromide Related Classifications

HY-D0021 Related Classifications