RANTES/CCL5 Protein, Human

RANTES/CCL5 Protein is a secreted protein located outside the cell membrane and is a key pro-inflammatory chemokine and immune regulatory molecule in the CC chemokine family. RANTES/CCL5 Protein sends signals through its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, mediating inflammatory immune responses, viral infections, and tumor development. RANTES/CCL5 Protein can promote endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis in rats. RANTES/CCL5 Protein is useful for research into tumors, autoimmune diseases, and atherosclerosis. RANTES/CCL5 Protein, Human is a recombinant human CCL5 (S24-S91) protein expressed by E. coli^[1][2].

CCL5, also known as RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted), is part of the CC subfamily of chemokines. The CCL5 gene is located in the q11.2-q12 region of human chromosome 17 and encodes a CCL5 protein with a molecular weight of 8 kDa^[1].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein can be secreted by many cell types, such as platelets, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and activated T cells^[1].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein can induce the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by utilizing heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and/or selectively activating PKCδ, JNK, and ERK proteins in the PKCδ-JNK/ERK pathway, ultimately leading to collagen degradation^[3].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein promotes angiogenesis by binding to GPCR, CCR1, and CCR5, as well as to its proteoglycan receptors SDC-1, SDC-4, and CD-44, and it partially relies on VEGF secreted by endothelial cells^[1].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein is induced by the relevant cytokine IL-13 in mice infected with RSV, leading to airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and worsening airway diseases^[4].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein interacts with CCR5, increasing the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK in the MEK/ERK pathway, activating NF-κB, leading to the activation of αvβ3 integrin and promoting the migration of human osteosarcoma cells^[5].
The oligomeric form of RANTES/CCL5 Protein is important for some of its functions. RANTES/CCL5 Protein can form larger aggregates in neutral pH environments, while it forms smaller aggregates when the pH is lowered^[6].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein is associated with various pathological processes, including viral infections, atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumors^[1].

RANTES/CCL5 Protein (1 or 10 nM, 25 days) induces angiogenesis in a rat intervertebral disc angiogenesis model^[1].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein (100 ng/mL, 24 h) can activate the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts, thereby inducing collagen degradation^[3].
RANTES/CCL5 Protein (3 ng/mL, 24 h) can promote the expression of α v β 3 integrin and cell migration in human osteosarcoma cells^[6].
Reduced mTOR activity in RANTES/CCL5 Protein expression-deficient Rantes KO stem/progenitor cells results in a younger haematopoietic stem cell phenotype^[7].

RANTES/CCL5 Protein is induced to produce in primary respiratory syncytial virus infected mice, exacerbating airway diseases^[4].
Lack of expression of RANTES/CCL5 Protein in Rantes gene knockout (KO) mice can lead to a decrease in myeloid biased HSCs and myeloid progenitor cells, as well as an increase in T cells and lymphoid biased HSCs^[7].

1.Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human peripheral blood monocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/mL.
2.Measured by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2.640-4.751 ng/mL.
3. Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro-B cells transfected with human CCR5. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 3.0-4.0 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is ≤ 3.004×10⁵ U/mg.

• 
  Measured by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4.751 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.105×10⁵ U/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P13501 (S24-S91)

6352  [NCBI]

Full Length of Mature Protein

SPYSSDTTPCCFAYIARPLPRAHIKEYFYTSGKCSNPAVVFVTRKNRQVCANPEKKWVREYINSLEMS

Approximately 9-12 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

• 
  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM Citrate, 6% trehalose, 4% mannitol, 0.05% Tween 80, pH 4.0.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. /biology-dictionary/hek293-cell.html  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Suffee N, et al. RANTES/CCL5-induced pro-angiogenic effects depend on CCR1, CCR5 and glycosaminoglycans. Angiogenesis. 2012 Dec;15(4):727-44.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Maillard L, et al. RANTES/CCL5 mediated-biological effects depend on the syndecan-4/PKCα signaling pathway. Biol Open. 2014 Sep 26;3(10):995-1004.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Agere SA, et al. RANTES/CCL5 Induces Collagen Degradation by Activating MMP-1 and MMP-13 Expression in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts. Front Immunol. 2017 Oct 18;8:1341.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Tekkanat KK, et al. RANTES (CCL5) production during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection exacerbates airway disease. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Nov;32(11):3276-84.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Wang SW, et al. CCL5 and CCR5 interaction promotes cell motility in human osteosarcoma. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35101.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Wang X, et al. Oligomeric structure of the chemokine CCL5/RANTES from NMR, MS, and SAXS data. Structure. 2011 Aug 10;19(8):1138-48.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. Ergen AV, et al. Rantes/Ccl5 influences hematopoietic stem cell subtypes and causes myeloid skewing. Blood. 2012 Mar 15;119(11):2500-9.  [Content Brief]