CDNF

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a secreted, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein and, together with MANF, one of only two members of the CDNF/MANF family of neurotrophic factors. Its architecture pairs an N-terminal saposin-like lipid-binding domain with a C-terminal domain that carries a KDEL-like ER-retention sequence and interacts with the chaperone BiP. Unlike classical neurotrophic factors, CDNF does not act through a dedicated high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor; instead it is taken up by cells, relieves ER stress and supports the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Recombinant CDNF shows neuroprotective and restorative effects in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease and has entered clinical evaluation.