Dipropyl phthalate
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Dipropyl phthalate is an immunomodulator. Dipropyl phthalate alters the activities of acid phosphatase, phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase, increases the activity of β-glucuronidase in a dose-dependent manner, and elevates the mRNA level of hemocyanin in shrimp. Dipropyl phthalate activates the FoxO signaling pathway, interferes with cell proliferation and apoptosis, downregulates chondrocyte-related genes, and induces craniofacial cartilage developmental malformations in zebrafish embryos. Dipropyl phthalate can be used in studies related to Aeromonas veronii infection and micrognathia syndrome.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.19%
- CAS No.: 131-16-8
- Formula: C14H18O4
- Molecular Weight:250.29
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Storage:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Dipropyl phthalate directly interacts with zebrafish Foxo1a protein via hydrogen bonding to residue LEU618, with a binding energy of -2.51 kcal/mol[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Dipropyl phthalate (1-4 mg/L; waterborne; continuous; 6 to 96 hpf) induces concentration-dependent craniofacial chondrogenic defects, developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and locomotor impairment in Danio rerio embryos via activation of the FoxO signaling pathway, with an LC50 of 0.918 mg/L at 144 hpf[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Neocaridina denticulate (body length 2-3 cm per individual; bacterial infection model via immersion with Aeromonas veronii at 109 cfu/L pond water)[1]
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Dosage:1 mg/L; 5 mg/L; 10 mg/L; 50 mg/L
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Administration:continuous immersion; 1, 3, 5, or 10 days
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Result:Recorded mortality of 16% (day 1), 16% (day 3), 14% (day 5), 14% (day 10) in the 1 mg/L group post-bacterial challenge.
Recorded mortality of 18% (day 1), 18% (day 3), 16% (day 5), 14% (day 10) in the 5 mg/L group post-bacterial challenge.
Recorded mortality of 34% (day 1), 24% (day 3), 18% (day 5), 18% (day 10) in the 10 mg/L group post-bacterial challenge.
Recorded mortality of 38% (day 1), 26% (day 3), 22% (day 5), 16% (day 10) in the 50 mg/L group post-bacterial challenge.
Significantly elevated acid phosphatase (AcP) in 5, 10, 50 mg/L groups on day 1; reduced to control levels by day 10 across all doses.
Detected no difference in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) ratios between 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L groups and controls on days 1 and 3; identified significant changes on days 5 and 10 independent of dose.
Observed time-dependent significant effects in 50 mg/L group's ANAE activity, with elevated activity on day 1, reduced activity on days 3 and 5, and elevated activity again on day 10.
Showed dose-dependent significant increase in β-glucuronidase (β-Glu) on day 1; effects diminished over time across all doses.
Significantly elevated phenoloxidase (PO) in 10, 50 mg/L groups on day 1; detected reduced activity in some doses on day 3.
Observed earlier elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 10, 50 mg/L groups vs. 1, 5 mg/L groups, with significant increases on day 1 for 10, 50 mg/L groups and day 3 for 1, 5 mg/L groups.
Significantly elevated haemocyanin mRNA in a dose-dependent manner on day 1, with peak levels in the 10 mg/L group; levels returned to control levels by day 3 across all doses.
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Animal Model:AB wild type; Tg(Sox10:EGFP); Tg(lyz:DsRed); Tg(kdrl:mCherry)[2]
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Dosage:1 mg/L; 2 mg/L; 4 mg/L
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Administration:waterborne; continuous; 6 to 96 hpf
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Result:Reported LC50 values of 16.79 mg/L at 24 hpf, 9.987 mg/L at 48 hpf, 6.140 mg/L at 72 hpf, 3.959 mg/L at 96 hpf, 1.185 mg/L at 120 hpf, and 0.918 mg/L at 144 hpf.
Caused concentration-dependent decreases in hatching rate, body length, head width, head length, interocular width, heart rate, and ceratohyal (CH) length (reduced to ~145 µm, ~130 µm, and ~100 µm respectively vs control ~175 µm).
Induced concentration-dependent increases in malformation rate, yolk sac area, and CH-CH angle (increased to ~110°, ~115°, and ~140° respectively vs control ~90°).
Reduced cranial neural crest cell proliferation, increased pharyngeal arch chondrocyte apoptosis, and caused incomplete hypobranchial artery development.
Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in pharyngeal arches, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreased catalase (CAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
Downregulated osteoblast markers (runx2b, col1a1), chondrocyte marker col2a1a (significantly only at 4 mg/L), and craniofacial cartilage formation marker dlx2.
Upregulated osteoclast markers (ocstamp, ctsk), pro-apoptotic genes (p53, Bax), inflammatory factors (il6, il10, ptgs2a), oxidative stress response gene (gpx1), and FoxO signaling pathway genes (foxo1a, stat3, p27, mst1, faslg).
Caused concentration-dependent decreases in total movement distance, average speed, active movement time, and manic movement time, plus increased static movement time at 144 hpf.
Binded to zebrafish Foxo1a with a binding energy of -2.51 kcal/mol, forming a hydrogen bond with LEU618.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 131-16-8
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 250.29
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Formula C14H18O4
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(OCCC)C=1C=CC=CC1C(=O)OCCC
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 200 mg/mL (799.07 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (19.98 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (418 KB)
- English - EN (418 KB)
- Français - FR (418 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (418 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (418 KB)
- Español - ES (418 KB)
- Swedish - SV (418 KB)
- Italian - IT (418 KB)
- Korean - KR (418 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (418 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.9954 mL | 19.9768 mL | 39.9537 mL | 99.8841 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7991 mL | 3.9954 mL | 7.9907 mL | 19.9768 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3995 mL | 1.9977 mL | 3.9954 mL | 9.9884 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2664 mL | 1.3318 mL | 2.6636 mL | 6.6589 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1998 mL | 0.9988 mL | 1.9977 mL | 4.9942 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1598 mL | 0.7991 mL | 1.5981 mL | 3.9954 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1332 mL | 0.6659 mL | 1.3318 mL | 3.3295 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0999 mL | 0.4994 mL | 0.9988 mL | 2.4971 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0799 mL | 0.3995 mL | 0.7991 mL | 1.9977 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0666 mL | 0.3329 mL | 0.6659 mL | 1.6647 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0499 mL | 0.2497 mL | 0.4994 mL | 1.2486 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0400 mL | 0.1998 mL | 0.3995 mL | 0.9988 mL |
Dipropyl phthalate Related Classifications
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