Dimethylmalonic acid
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Dimethylmalonic acid (Dimethylpropanedioic acid) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Dimethylmalonic acid competitively inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, reduces SDH-mediated succinate accumulation, blocks a key step in oxidative phosphorylation, and decreases anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and ROS production. Dimethylmalonic acid can be used in research on autism spectrum disorders.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.0%
- CAS No.: 595-46-0
- Formula: C5H8O4
- Molecular Weight:132.11
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Dimethylmalonic acid
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6J (male, postnatal day 14, 6.5-7.7 g)[1]
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Dosage:5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; once daily; 3 consecutive days
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Result:In the 5 mg/kg group, one mouse died at P15 and another at P16, resulting in a final survival count of eight.
In the 10 mg/kg group, one mouse died at P15, leaving nine surviving mice.
All mice in the 20 mg/kg group survived.
In the 40 mg/kg group, one mouse died at P15 and another at P16, resulting in a final survival count of eight.
Starting from P17, body weights of the 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than those of the VPA model group.
At P18, body weights of the 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg groups remained significantly higher than those of the VPA model group, and the body weight of the 40 mg/kg group was also significantly higher than that of the VPA model group.
Compared with the VPA model group, treatment groups significantly reduced the time required for surface righting, with the 20 mg/kg treatment group exhibiting the most pronounced effect.
Mice treated with 20 mg/kg exhibited significantly prolonged forelimb suspension time.
No statistically significant differences were observed between the treatment groups and the VPA model group in negative geotaxis or cliff avoidance.
In the open field test, compared with the VPA model group, the 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg treatment groups exhibited significantly increased movement distance and speed, with the 20 mg/kg treatment group showing the best performance.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 595-46-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 132.11
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Formula C5H8O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)C(C)(C)C(O)=O
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Synonyms
Dimethylpropanedioic acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Biochem Pharmacol
Dimethylmalonate induces ferroptosis by inhibiting the SUCNR1/PI3K/HIF-1α/SLC7A11 signaling axis in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2025 Sep:239:117051. PMID: 40532859
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (756.94 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.92 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.92 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure the ability of kinases to transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific substrates, while phosphorylation assays detect the presence and levels of phosphorylated proteins. Common methods include radiolabeled ATP incorporation (e. g. ,), ADP release detection via bioluminescence (e. g. ,[3]), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for phospho-specific epitopes (e. g. ,[6]), and microtiter-based formats for high-throughput screening (e. g. ,[8]). The ADP-Glo assay quantifies kinase activity by measuring ADP produced during phosphorylation using a luciferase-based system. Radiometric assays involve autoradiography or scintillation counting after incorporation of 32P-labeled ATP into substrate proteins. ELISA-based approaches rely on phospho-specific antibodies to detect activated kinases in cell lysates or purified samples.
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Western Blot
Western blotting (WB) is a commonly used experimental method in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunogenetics for identifying and quantifying target proteins. It combines gel electrophoresis with immunoassay, enabling researchers to analyze protein expression, post-translational modifications, and molecular weight.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Protocol for Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure transfer of phosphate from ATP to a protein or peptide substrate, generating phosphorylated substrate, ADP, or incorporated radiolabeled phosphate as the readout; phosphorylation assays measure site-specific phosphorylation in cells or tissues as a proxy for kinase-pathway activation, inhibition, or substrate regulation. Phosphorylation can be detected by phospho-specific Western blot, immunoprecipitation kinase assay, phospho-immunofluorescence, phospho-flow cytometry, luminescent ADP detection, radiolabeled ATP incorporation, or reporter-based pathway assays, and these readouts can be applied to cancer cells, primary neurons, mouse tumors, organoids, inflammatory macrophages, ferroptosis studies, and mitophagy studies when the kinase target is biologically relevant.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 7.5694 mL | 37.8472 mL | 75.6945 mL | 189.2362 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5139 mL | 7.5694 mL | 15.1389 mL | 37.8472 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7569 mL | 3.7847 mL | 7.5694 mL | 18.9236 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5046 mL | 2.5231 mL | 5.0463 mL | 12.6157 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3785 mL | 1.8924 mL | 3.7847 mL | 9.4618 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3028 mL | 1.5139 mL | 3.0278 mL | 7.5694 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2523 mL | 1.2616 mL | 2.5231 mL | 6.3079 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1892 mL | 0.9462 mL | 1.8924 mL | 4.7309 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1514 mL | 0.7569 mL | 1.5139 mL | 3.7847 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1262 mL | 0.6308 mL | 1.2616 mL | 3.1539 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0946 mL | 0.4731 mL | 0.9462 mL | 2.3655 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0757 mL | 0.3785 mL | 0.7569 mL | 1.8924 mL |
Dimethylmalonic acid Related Classifications
HY-W007894 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- Dimethylmalonic acid
- 595-46-0
- Dimethylpropanedioic acid
- Succinate Dehydrogenase
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- neuronal ferroptosis signaling pathways
- ROS production
- oxidative phosphorylation
- anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion
- valproic acid-induced neurodevelopmental impairments
- succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
- succinate dehydrogenase
- Achromobacter sp. strain
- autism spectrum disorder
- neonatal valproic acid autism model
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit