Unsaturated Fatty Acid Standards

(9Z,11E)-Prodlure (Standard) is the analytical standard of (9Z,11E)-Prodlure. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (9Z,11E)-Prodlure ((9Z,11E)-Tetradecadien-1-yl acetate) is the main component of the sex pheromone of female Spodoptera littoralis[1].

Timosaponin BII (Standard) is the analytical standard of Timosaponin BII. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Timosaponin BII (Prototimosaponin A III) is a steroid saponin found in the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Timosaponin BII has neuronal protective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Mesaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mesaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mesaconic acid (Citronic acid; Methylfumaric acid) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Mesaconic acid reduces the level of NF-κB in colon tissues, downregulates the expression of Keap1 and Bax, upregulates the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl2, and decreases the expression of Caspase-1. Mesaconic acid reduces the levels of NLRP3, ASC and Casp-1 in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increases the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, elevates NAD⁺ levels, regulates oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels, and upregulates intestinal barrier proteins in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid increases the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and reduces the abundance of harmful gut bacteria in rapidly aging mice, and exhibits anti-aging properties. Mesaconic acid acts as a flame retardant and serves as a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. Mesaconic acid can be used in the research of aging-related inflammation.

trans-2-Butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of trans-2-Butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. trans-2-Butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (Dihydromuconic acid; trans-β-Hydromuconic acid) is an endogenous metabolite[1][2].

Capsaicin (Purity 65%) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsaicin (Purity 65%). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin (Ratio >2:1).Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is an orally active capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist.

Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester (HY-W011311). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester is a degradation product of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (Compound 1). Compound 1 can be isolated from the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Compound 1 induces Apoptosis.

4-Pentenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Pentenoic acid (HY-Y0624). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Pentenoic acid is a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid. 4-Pentenoic acid has hypoglycemic and fatty acid oxidation inhibitory activities. 4-Pentenoic acid can affect blood glucose metabolism and energy metabolism through mechanisms such as inhibiting long-chain fatty acid oxidation, reducing gluconeogenesis, and promoting glucose utilization.

Geranyl acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Geranyl acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis.

Myristoleic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Myristoleic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells[1].

Citraconic acid (Methylmaleic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citraconic acid (HY-113298). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citraconic acid is an orally active inhibitor targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Citraconic acid reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Citraconic acid also modifies the conformation of Keap1 protein, relieves its inhibition of Nrf2, promotes antioxidant gene expression, and inhibits NLRP3 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Citraconic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can reduce oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis, improve tissue damage, and can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citraconic acid is an isomer of Itaconic acid (HY-Y052).

11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid (HY-108398B). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 11 (Z),14 (Z),17 (Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that affects mitochondrial genome maintenance. 11 (Z),14 (Z),17 (Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid fully incorporates into cell membrane phospholipids and supports the initial induction of cellular respiration, but fails to sustain the continuous replication and retention of mitochondrial genomes. 11 (Z),14 (Z),17 (Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid is applicable to research related to fatty acid acyl chain structure-dependent mitochondrial genome maintenance and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Oleamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oleamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide which can be synthesized de novo in the mammalian nervous system, and has been detected in human plasma.

Oleic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oleic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.

Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester is an omega-3 fatty acid agent.

Prostaglandin E1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Prostaglandin E1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Prostaglandin E1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. Prostaglandin E1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. Prostaglandin E1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases.

Angelic acid (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Angelic acid (HY-N6929). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Angelic acid is a ferroptosis inducer, targeting NRF2 degradation. Angelic acid binds to NRF2 protein and promotes NRF2 degradation via ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, relieves the inhibitory effect of NRF2 on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Then, Angelic acid induces ferroptosis in tumor cells. Angelic acid can enhance the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulate ferroptosis-related markers CHAC1 and PTGS2, and synergize with ferroptosis inducers to enhance anti-tumor effects. Angelic acid also has the activity of scavenging UVA-induced ROS in vitro, inhibiting skin fibroblast senescence and extracellular matrix degradation. Angelic Acid helps wound healing with sedative activity.

Myriocin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Myriocin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Myriocin (Thermozymocidin), a fungal metabolite could be isolated from Myriococcum albomyces, Isaria sinclairi and Mycelia sterilia, is a potent inhibitor of serine-palmitoyl-transferase (SPT) and a key enzyme in de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Myriocin suppresses replication of both the subgenomic HCV-1b replicon and the JFH-1 strain of genotype 2a infectious HCV, with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL for inhibiting HCV infection[1][2][3].

trans-2-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of trans-2-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. trans-2-Undecenoic acid ((E)-2-Undecenoic acid) is an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and is characterized by acid dimers. The corresponding dimers are connected via intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the carboxylic groups C=O···H-O[1].

(Z)-2-Decenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (Z)-2-Decenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (Z)-2-decenoic acid (cis-2-Decenoic acid) is an unsaturated fatty acid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Z)-2-decenoic acid induces a dispersion response in biofilms formed by a range of gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, and by gram-positive bacteria. (Z)-2-decenoic acid inhibits biofilm development[1].

(Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasma membrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect[1].