Enzyme Substrates

Mca-(ala7,lys(dnp)9)-bradykinin is a sensitive fluorogenic substrate for ECE-1 (endothelin-converting enzyme-1). The incorporation of a (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl (Mca) fluorescent group and a 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) quenching group has resulted in a large fluorescence increase upon substrate cleavage.

Z-DEVD-AFC is a cell-permeant substrate for caspase-3, which causes a shift in fluorescence uponcleavage of the AFC fluorophore. Z-DEVD-AFC can be used to detect caspase-3-like enzymes activity.

Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate acetate is a fluorogenic substrate for cathepsins D and E and not for B, H or L. The cleavage occurs at the Phe-Phe amide bond resul. Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate is a valuable tool for routine assays and for mechanistic studies on cathepsins E and D.

Boc-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-AMC (IEGR-AMC) is an activated factor X (FXa) specific fluorogenic peptide substrate used for Factor VIII determination.

D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA hydrochloride is the substrate for thrombin-like enzyme, with K_m of 50.7 μM.

D-Val-Leu-Arg-pNA (acetate) is the acetate form of D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide (pNa). D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide (pNa) is the substrate for kallikrein and can be used to assay the activity of kallikrein.

Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide is a common CK2 substrate peptide. Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide is synthesized with its C-terminus conjugated to 5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS). Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide can be used for protein kinase CK2 activity determination.

CREBtide is a CREB (cAMP response element binding protein)-like peptide. CREBtide, a synthetic 13 amino acid peptide, has been reported as a PKA and PKC substrate.

Autocamtide 2 is a highly selective peptide substrate of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). It can be used in the CaMKII activity assay.

Ac-IEPD-AMC TFA is a fluorescent substrate used to measure protease activity. Ac-IEPD-AMC undergoes hydrolysis and releases the fluorescent product 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). AMC fluoresces under UV light irradiation and can emit fluorescent signals.

FRETS-VWF73 TFA, a 73-amino-acid peptide, is a fluorogenic substrate for ADAMTS13 assay (Ex=340 nm; Em=450 nm).

Ac-RLR-AMC (Ac-Arg-Leu-Arg-AMC) is a fluorogenic substrate for the 26S proteasome (Ex/Em: 380/440-460 nm). AMC is released upon cleavage, and its fluorescence can be used to quantify the trypsin-like activity of 26S proteasomes.

LKBtide is a biological active peptide. (This is a peptide substrate that is phosphorylated by Serine/Threonine kinase 11 (STK11), also known as LKB1. LKBtide is derived from sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1) protein kinase, which is normally activated by the LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.)

IRAK-4 Peptide substrate (IRAK-1 (360-380)) is a biological active peptide. (This is a substrate peptide for Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase (IRAK) 4)

Histone H3 (1-21), derived from Histone H3 1-21 amino acids, is usually used as a substrate for methyltransferase (Histone 3 K4 and K9) and acetyltransferase (Histone 3 K9 and K14) assays.

RS Repeat peptide is a substrate peptide for Clk1.

Me-CO-Lys(Cbo)-Gly-Arg-pNA is a substrate for C1 esterase.

Glutaryl-Gly-Arg-AMC is a peptide substrate of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA).

Z-Tyr-Lys-Arg-pNA is a chromogenic substrate. Z-Tyr-Lys-Arg-pNA can be used to detect the activity of subtilisin-type and yapsin-like proteases.

Abz-AGLA-Nba is a fluorogenic substrate for the determination of protease activity. Abz-AGLA-Nba is hydrolyzed to release aminoacyl benzimide (Abz-AGLA) and 2-naphthylaminoacyl (Nba). The product Abz-AGLA produced by this hydrolysis reaction is fluorescent under ultraviolet light and can emit a fluorescent signal.