Z-Ligustilide Exerted Hormetic Effect on Growth and Detoxification Enzymes of Spodoptera litura Larvae

  • Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jul 2;2018:7104513. doi: 10.1155/2018/7104513.
Yang Yi  1 ,  Guojun Dou  1 ,  Zanyang Yu  1 ,  Hui He  1 ,  Chengqiang Wang  1 ,  Li Li  1 ,  Jia Zhou  2 ,  Dejun Liu  3 ,  Jianyou Shi  4 ,  Guanrong Li  5 ,  Lei Pang  1 ,  Na Yang  6 ,  Qinwan Huang  3 ,  Hongyi Qi  1
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
  • 2. Sichuan Institute of Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
  • 3. College of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China.
  • 4. Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan, China.
  • 5. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
  • 6. Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan, China.
PMID: 30057645 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7104513
Abstract

Plants have evolved a variety of phytochemicals to defense insect feeding, whereas insects have also evolved diverse detoxification Enzymes, which are adaptively induced as a prosurvival mechanism. Herein, Z-ligustilide in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. was found to exhibit a similar trend in the accumulation from December to May as the occurrence of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae. Importantly, S. litura larvae feeding enhanced Z-ligustilide level in the stem and leaf (p < 0.01). Moreover, Z-ligustilide ranging from 1 to 5 mg·g-1 exhibited remarkable larvicidal activity, antifeedant activity, and growth inhibition against S. litura larvae. The LC50 values of larvicidal activity for phthalides in L. chuanxiong were compared as follows: Z-ligustilide > levistilide A > senkyunolide A > 3-butylidenephthalide > senkyunolide I, implicating the critical role of conjugated structure. Notably, there was a biphasic dose response for Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 450, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Carboxylesterase (CarE) activities and GSTs1, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4S9, and CYP4M14 mRNA expression. Particularly, low dose (0.1 mg·g-1) of Z-ligustilide conferred the resistance of S. litura larvae against chlorpyrifos (p < 0.05). Together, our data suggest that Z-ligustilide may function in a hormetic way in the chemical defense of L. chuanxiong against S. litura larvae.

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