Aloe emodin
Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) is a natural hydroxyanthraquinone with antitumor activities. aloe-emodin can bind with mTORC2 and inhibit its kinase activity. Aloe emodin exerts antiproliferation effects and induces cellular apoptosis. Aloe emodin also exhibits antiviral activity that against influenza A virus.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.32%
- CAS No.: 481-72-1
- Formula: C15H10O5
- Molecular Weight:270.24
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Aloe emodin
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Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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ELISA
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
mTORC2 |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2780 | IC50 |
26 μM
Compound: 2
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Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells
Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells
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[PMID: 24326280] |
| B16-F10 | IC50 |
3.12 μM
Compound: 1
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Anticancer activity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 34124677] |
| HCT-116 | IC50 |
8.7 μM
Compound: 4
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Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 17949858] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: 1
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Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 34124677] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
10 μM
Compound: 4
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Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 17949858] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
6.13 μM
Compound: 1
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Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 34124677] |
| HepG2 2.2.15 | IC50 |
300 μg/mL
Compound: 54
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Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV DNA production
Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV DNA production
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[PMID: 24549242] |
| HepG2 2.2.15 | IC50 |
300 μg/mL
Compound: 54
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Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV e antigen secretion
Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV e antigen secretion
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[PMID: 24549242] |
| HepG2 2.2.15 | IC50 |
300 μg/mL
Compound: 54
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Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV surface antigen secretion
Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as decrease in HBV surface antigen secretion
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[PMID: 24549242] |
| Huh-7 | CC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 25
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Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells by MTT assay
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[PMID: 22445328] |
| Huh-7 | EC50 |
20.8 μM
Compound: 25
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Antiviral activity against HCV JFH-1 J399EM infected in Human Huh7.5.1 cells assessed as suppression of viral replication after 72 hrs by EGFP assay
Antiviral activity against HCV JFH-1 J399EM infected in Human Huh7.5.1 cells assessed as suppression of viral replication after 72 hrs by EGFP assay
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[PMID: 22445328] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
>20 μM
Compound: AE
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
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[PMID: 24900344] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
4.14 μM
Compound: 1
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Anticancer activity against human MCF-7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human MCF-7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 34124677] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
12.24 μM
Compound: 1
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Anticancer activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 34124677] |
| MOLT-4 | IC50 |
>20 μM
Compound: AE
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Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
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[PMID: 24900344] |
| OVCAR-3 | IC50 |
>20 μM
Compound: AE
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Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
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[PMID: 24900344] |
| SK-OV-3 | IC50 |
>20 μM
Compound: AE
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Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay
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[PMID: 24900344] |
In Vitro
Aloe emodin (0-15 μM; 24-96 h) inhibits PC3 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner[1].
Aloe emodin (0-15 μM; 24 h) inhibits the activation of mTORC2 downstream substrates, Akt and PKCα. Aloe emodin could bind with mTORC2 in cells and inhibit its kinase activity[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:PC3 cells
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Concentration:0 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM or 15 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h, 48 h, 72 h or 96 h
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Result:Suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of PC3 cells.
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Cell Line:PC3 cells
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Concentration:0 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM or 15 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited the activation of the downstream substrates of mTORC2, Akt and PKCα.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Athymic nude mice (BALB/c nude mouse, 6 weeks old)[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg (20% PEG400 in autoclaved PBS)
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection, five times per week; for 28 days
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Result:Exhibited tumor suppression effects in vivo in an athymic nude mouse model.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 481-72-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 270.24
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Formula C15H10O5
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Color Brown to orange
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SMILES
O=C1C2=C(C=CC=C2O)C(C3=CC(CO)=CC(O)=C13)=O
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Synonyms
Rhabarberone; 3-Hydroxymethylchrysazine
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (3)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Biomed Res Int
Anti-influenza A Virus Effects and Mechanisms of Emodin and Its Analogs via Regulating PPAR α/ γ-AMPK-SIRT1 Pathway and Fatty Acid Metabolism. [Abstract]2021 Sep 9;2021:9066938. PMID: 34540999 -
Vet Microbiol
The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607 -
Heliyon
Aloe-emodin alleviates inflammatory bowel disease in mice by modulating intestinal microbiome homeostasis via the IL-4/IL-13 axis. [Abstract]2024 Jul 22;10(15):e34932. PMID: 39157379
Aloe emodin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Heliyon. 2024 Jul 22;10(15):e34932. [Abstract]
Changes in body weights of mice were monitored following treatment with different doses of AE (Aloe emodin) in a mouse model of colitis induced by DSS.
Aloe emodin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Heliyon. 2024 Jul 22;10(15):e34932. [Abstract]
Aloe emodin (5,10,50 mg/mL). H&E staining of colon tissue sections. Histological evaluation of H&E-stained colon tissue sections to assess tissue damage and inflammation.
Aloe emodin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Heliyon. 2024 Jul 22;10(15):e34932. [Abstract]
Aloe emodin (5, 10, 50 mg/kg). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : ≥ 20.83 mg/mL (77.08 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (7.70 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (7.70 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure the ability of kinases to transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific substrates, while phosphorylation assays detect the presence and levels of phosphorylated proteins. Common methods include radiolabeled ATP incorporation (e. g. ,), ADP release detection via bioluminescence (e. g. ,[3]), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for phospho-specific epitopes (e. g. ,[6]), and microtiter-based formats for high-throughput screening (e. g. ,[8]). The ADP-Glo assay quantifies kinase activity by measuring ADP produced during phosphorylation using a luciferase-based system. Radiometric assays involve autoradiography or scintillation counting after incorporation of 32P-labeled ATP into substrate proteins. ELISA-based approaches rely on phospho-specific antibodies to detect activated kinases in cell lysates or purified samples.
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Protocol for Kinase activity and phosphorylation assays
Kinase activity assays measure transfer of phosphate from ATP to a protein or peptide substrate, generating phosphorylated substrate, ADP, or incorporated radiolabeled phosphate as the readout; phosphorylation assays measure site-specific phosphorylation in cells or tissues as a proxy for kinase-pathway activation, inhibition, or substrate regulation. Phosphorylation can be detected by phospho-specific Western blot, immunoprecipitation kinase assay, phospho-immunofluorescence, phospho-flow cytometry, luminescent ADP detection, radiolabeled ATP incorporation, or reporter-based pathway assays, and these readouts can be applied to cancer cells, primary neurons, mouse tumors, organoids, inflammatory macrophages, ferroptosis studies, and mitophagy studies when the kinase target is biologically relevant.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (392 KB)
- English - EN (392 KB)
- Français - FR (392 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (392 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (392 KB)
- Español - ES (392 KB)
- Swedish - SV (392 KB)
- Italian - IT (392 KB)
- Korean - KR (392 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (392 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Liu K, et al. Aloe-emodin suppresses prostate cancer by targeting the mTOR complex 2. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jul;33(7):1406-11. [Content Brief]
[2]. Li SW, et al. Antiviral activity of aloe-emodin against influenza A virus via galectin-3 up-regulation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Sep 5;738:125-32. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.7004 mL | 18.5021 mL | 37.0041 mL | 92.5104 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7401 mL | 3.7004 mL | 7.4008 mL | 18.5021 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3700 mL | 1.8502 mL | 3.7004 mL | 9.2510 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2467 mL | 1.2335 mL | 2.4669 mL | 6.1674 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1850 mL | 0.9251 mL | 1.8502 mL | 4.6255 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1480 mL | 0.7401 mL | 1.4802 mL | 3.7004 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1233 mL | 0.6167 mL | 1.2335 mL | 3.0837 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0925 mL | 0.4626 mL | 0.9251 mL | 2.3128 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0740 mL | 0.3700 mL | 0.7401 mL | 1.8502 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0617 mL | 0.3084 mL | 0.6167 mL | 1.5418 mL |
Aloe emodin Related Classifications
HY-N0189 Related Classifications
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