2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis Stem Cell/Wnt JAK/STAT Signaling Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis STAT BCL6 Interleukin Related Caspase
  4. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid  (Synonyms: Chenodeoxycholylglycine)

Cat. No.: HY-N2334 Purity: 99.81%
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Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 640-79-9

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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Glycochenodeoxycholic acid:

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 3:e2411719.  [Abstract]

    The mRNA levels of ALDOB in Huh7 or HCCLM3 cells treated with various bile acids (100 μM, 24 h). All data are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction. CA, cholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; GLCA, glycolithocholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid.

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomolecules. 2025 Jun 28;15(7):943.  [Abstract]

    SARS-CoV-2-stimulated THP-1 cells were treated with 10 μM or 20 μM Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) for 24 h. The intracellular mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and CXCL5 were measured by RT–qPCR.

    View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    View All STAT Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    STAT3 STAT5 STAT6 STAT1

    View All Interleukin Related Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    IL-1 IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-8 IL-10 IL-12 IL-13 IL-15 IL-17 IL-23 IL-7 IL-33 IL-22 IL-18

    View All Caspase Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    Caspase 1 Caspase 2 Caspase 3 Caspase 4 Caspase 5 Caspase 6 Caspase 7 Caspase 8 Caspase 9 Caspase 10 Caspase 12 Caspase Caspase 11 Caspase-13

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)[1][2][3][4].

    IC50 & Target

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    CHO EC50
    3.88 μM
    Compound: 4b, glyco
    Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay
    Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay
    		[PMID: 18307294]
    HET-1A CC50
    729 μM
    Compound: 3, TCDCA
    Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20713311]
    In Vitro

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (0-100 μM, 6 h) significantly increases the amount of dead cells and decreases in LC3, ATG5 and BECN1 expression in human normal liver cells, leading to Autophagosome formation inhibition[1].
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (5–500 μM, 24 h) exerts no induction or reduction of TGF-β mRNA expression in KMBC cells and LX-2 cells[2].
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (200 μM, 24 h and 48 h) enhances stemness and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, suppressing the expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl10, Caspase 3, Caspase 4, Tp53, BAD) and increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl and IL10)[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Related Antibodies

    RT-PCR[1]

    Cell Line: Human normal liver cells
    Concentration: 0-100 μM
    Incubation Time: 6 h
    Result: Decreased the TFE3 levels in a dose-dependent manner in human normal liver cells.

    Apoptosis Analysis[4]

    Cell Line: Huh7 and LM3 cell lines
    Concentration: 200 μM
    Incubation Time: 24 h and 48 h
    Result: Suppressed the expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl10, Caspase 3, Caspase 4, Tp53, BAD) and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl and Il10) in Huh7 and LM3 cell lines. Increased the cell viability and promoted chemoresistance treated with 5-FU (HY-90006) (120 µg/mL) and cisplatinin (10 µg/mL) in Huh7 and LM3 cell lines.

    Cell Autophagy Assay[1]

    Cell Line: L02 cells
    Concentration: 100 μM
    Incubation Time: 6 h
    Result: Significantly reduced GFP-LC3 puncta and decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and beclin 1 (BECN1) expression in L02 cells.

    RT-PCR[2]

    Cell Line: KMBC cells
    Concentration: 5–500 μM
    Incubation Time: 24 h
    Result: Unaltered TGF-β mRNA expression in KMBC cells and LX-2 cells.
    Molecular Weight

    449.62

    Formula

    C26H43NO5
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    C[C@@]12[C@](CC[C@]2([H])[C@H](C)CCC(NCC(O)=O)=O)([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@]([C@@]4([C@](C[C@H](O)CC4)([H])C[C@H]3O)C)([H])CC1
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (222.41 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Methanol : 100 mg/mL (222.41 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.2241 mL 11.1205 mL 22.2410 mL
    5 mM 0.4448 mL 2.2241 mL 4.4482 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.56 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.56 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
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    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
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    Tween-80 +
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    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.84%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (247 KB) HNMR (190 KB) RP-HPLC (210 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / Methanol 1 mM 2.2241 mL 11.1205 mL 22.2410 mL 55.6025 mL
    5 mM 0.4448 mL 2.2241 mL 4.4482 mL 11.1205 mL
    10 mM 0.2224 mL 1.1121 mL 2.2241 mL 5.5603 mL
    15 mM 0.1483 mL 0.7414 mL 1.4827 mL 3.7068 mL
    20 mM 0.1112 mL 0.5560 mL 1.1121 mL 2.7801 mL
    25 mM 0.0890 mL 0.4448 mL 0.8896 mL 2.2241 mL
    30 mM 0.0741 mL 0.3707 mL 0.7414 mL 1.8534 mL
    40 mM 0.0556 mL 0.2780 mL 0.5560 mL 1.3901 mL
    50 mM 0.0445 mL 0.2224 mL 0.4448 mL 1.1121 mL
    60 mM 0.0371 mL 0.1853 mL 0.3707 mL 0.9267 mL
    80 mM 0.0278 mL 0.1390 mL 0.2780 mL 0.6950 mL
    100 mM 0.0222 mL 0.1112 mL 0.2224 mL 0.5560 mL
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    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid640-79-9ChenodeoxycholylglycineEndogenous MetaboliteApoptosisSTATBCL6Interleukin RelatedCaspaseB-cell lymphoma 6 proteinB-cell lymphoma 5 protein (BCL-5)Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 27Zinc finger protein 51ILbile salthepatocellular carcinoma cellsautophagosome inhibitionSTAT3 signaling pathwaycholestasis deseaseprimary sclerosing cholangitisInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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