Glycocholic acid

Name: Glycocholic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N1423
Rating: 5.0 (3 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N1423 Purity: 99.90%: Data Sheet
COA

SDS
Handling Instructions
FAQs
Technical Support

Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 475-31-0

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
> 100 g	Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Glycocholic acid:

3 Publications Citing Use of MCE Glycocholic acid

RT-PCR

: Glycocholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 3:e2411719. [Abstract]; The mRNA levels of ALDOB in Huh7 or HCCLM3 cells treated with various bile acids (100 μM, 24 h). All data are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction. CA, cholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; GLCA, glycolithocholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid.

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
CHO	EC₅₀	13.6 μM Compound: 5b, glyco	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
HEK293	IC₅₀	400 μM Compound: Glycocholate	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of E217betaG uptake in membrane vesicles from MRP4-expressing HEK-293 cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of E217betaG uptake in membrane vesicles from MRP4-expressing HEK-293 cells	[PMID: 12523936]

In Vitro

Glycocholic acid (0-500 μM; 0, 24, 48, 72 h) reduces the viability of human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner^[1].
Glycocholic acid (250 μM; 72 h) at 250 μM significantly increases the chemosensitivity of human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells to Epirubicin (HY-13624)^[1].
Glycocholic acid (250 μM; 72 h) alters the expression of multidrug resistance and apoptosis-related genes in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, downregulating MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, and Bcl-2 while upregulating Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and p53, and increasing the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio^[1].
Glycocholic acid (250 μM; 72 h) reduces hMDR1 promoter activity in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells^[1].
Glycocholic acid (250 μM; 72 h) induces chromatin condensation, a marker of apoptosis, in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells^[1].
Glycocholic acid (250 μM; 72 h) increases the sub-G1 DNA content population, indicating apoptosis, in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells^[1].
Glycocholic acid (GCA) (1.6 μM; 48 h) modulates bile acid receptor gene expression in SNU-245 cholangiocarcinoma cells, reducing FXR expression and increasing TGR5 and S1PR2 expression^[2].
Glycocholic acid inhibits late logarithmic phase growth of E. coli K1037, clinical UTI E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella Typhimurium, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Citrobacter freundii in liquid LB culture, but not on solid LB agar medium^[3].
Glycocholic acid reduces the MIC of ampicillin for E. coli K1037 by 2-fold and the MIC of chloramphenicol for Raoultella ornithinolytica and Citrobacter freundii by 2-fold, resulting in additive antimicrobial interactions (FIC index 0.625-0.75)^[3].
Glycocholic acid (0.125-2%; 6 h) reduces conjugation frequency of multiple Enterobacteriaceae conjugative plasmids by 70 to 97% in a dose-dependent manner, with no prominent reduction in donor strain viability^[3].
Glycocholic acid (0.2-2%; 16 h) significantly reduces E. coli K1037 motility on soft LB agar by downregulating fliC gene expression^[3].
Glycocholic acid (0.125-2%) increases membrane permeability and compromises membrane integrity of E. coli K1037, as shown by increased NPN/EtBr uptake and cytoplasmic DnaK leakage^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

465.62

Formula

C₂₆H₄₃NO₆

CAS No.

475-31-0

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)CNC(CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)=O

Structure Classification

Steroids

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

Methanol : ≥ 100 mg/mL (214.77 mM)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (214.77 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.1477 mL	10.7384 mL	21.4767 mL
5 mM	0.4295 mL	2.1477 mL	4.2953 mL
10 mM	0.2148 mL	1.0738 mL	2.1477 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.47 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.90%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (280 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (250 KB) HNMR (132 KB) RP-HPLC (216 KB) MS (68 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Lo YL, et al. Inhibit multidrug resistance and induce apoptosis by using glycocholic acid and epirubicin. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2008;35(1-2):52-67. [Content Brief]

[2]. Song WS, et al. Discovery of glycocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid as phenotypic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):11088. Published 2018 Jul 23. [Content Brief]

[3]. Piscon B, et al. The Effect of glycocholic acid on the growth, membrane permeability, conjugation and antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025;15:1550545. Published 2025 Mar 20. [Content Brief]

[4]. Lo YL, et al. Inhibit multidrug resistance and induce apoptosis by using glycocholic acid and epirubicin. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2008 Sep 2;35(1-2):52-67. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

Methanol / DMSO	1 mM	2.1477 mL	10.7384 mL	21.4767 mL	53.6919 mL
	5 mM	0.4295 mL	2.1477 mL	4.2953 mL	10.7384 mL
	10 mM	0.2148 mL	1.0738 mL	2.1477 mL	5.3692 mL
	15 mM	0.1432 mL	0.7159 mL	1.4318 mL	3.5795 mL
	20 mM	0.1074 mL	0.5369 mL	1.0738 mL	2.6846 mL
	25 mM	0.0859 mL	0.4295 mL	0.8591 mL	2.1477 mL
	30 mM	0.0716 mL	0.3579 mL	0.7159 mL	1.7897 mL
	40 mM	0.0537 mL	0.2685 mL	0.5369 mL	1.3423 mL
	50 mM	0.0430 mL	0.2148 mL	0.4295 mL	1.0738 mL
	60 mM	0.0358 mL	0.1790 mL	0.3579 mL	0.8949 mL
	80 mM	0.0268 mL	0.1342 mL	0.2685 mL	0.6711 mL
	100 mM	0.0215 mL	0.1074 mL	0.2148 mL	0.5369 mL