Phenylpropanoids

Thunberginol C is an orally active, selective, and non-competitive inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC₅₀ values of 41.96 and 42.36 μM, respectively. Thunberginol C exerts cytoprotective, pro-collagen type I restorative, MMP-1 inhibitory, hyaluronic acid restorative, anti-photoaging effects in skin cells. Thunberginol C exerts neuroprotective, anxiolytic, TNF-α inhibitory, neuroinflammation inhibitory, and oxidative stress inhibitory effects. Thunberginol C can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, UVB-induced skin photoaging, allergic reactions, oral bacterial infections, and stress-induced anxiety.

Braylin, a coumarin, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor and is involved in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, which may serve as a potential target for the study of immunoinflammatory diseases.

Hemiphroside B is found in Lagotis integra. Hemiphroside B exerts excellent anti-ulcerative colitis effect.

5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin is a coumarin with anti-cancer, antifungal, and ?antibacterial?activities. 5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin induces cell apoptosis.

Matairesinol monoglucoside is a STING activator. Matairesinol monoglucoside modulates the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling axis, promotes STING transcriptional expression, increases TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation. Matairesinol monoglucoside induces IFN-α and IFN-β production, reduces HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg expression. Matairesinol monoglucoside can be used for the research of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection.

(+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a lignan glucoside with strong inhibitory activity of 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase.

(-)-Lyoniresinol is a lignan isolated from the Tarenna attenuata with antioxidant activities. (-)-Lyoniresinol has radical scavenging activities against DPPH with an IC₅₀ of 82.4 μM.

(E)-Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl (E)-ferulate) exhibits strong DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities.

Dihydroseselin is a derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin (HY-N0573). 7-hydroxycoumarin, a natural product of the coumarin family, is a fluorescing compound which can be used as a sunscreen agent

Caesappanin C, a biphenyl dimer from the ethanolic extract of the heartwood of Indonesian Caesalpinia sappan L., shows strong proliferation stimulating activity against the primary osteoblastic cells in vitro. Caesappanin C has the potential to stimulate bone formation and regeneration. Caesappanin C can effectively deactivate HSV particles and bind HSV surface glycoprotein B (gB) to inhibit membrane fusion.

7-O-Methylaloeresin A is 5-methylchromone glycoside isolated from Commiphora socotrana (Burseraceae). 7-O-Methylaloeresin A exhibits good activity against multiple agent resistant Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 11994) and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 1255) with MIC values of 0.72 and 0.18 mM, respectively. 7-O-Methylaloeresin A has antioxidant activities, gives IC50 values of 0.026 mM and 0.021 mM for DPPH and 2-deoxyribose degradation assay, respectively.

8-(3-Ethoxy-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyloxy)psoralen is a coumarin that can be found in Heracleum pyrenaicum Lam.