E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Inhibitor

TAK-243 (MLN7243) is a first-in-class, selective ubiquitin activating enzyme, UAE (UBA1) inhibitor (IC₅₀=1 nM), which blocks ubiquitin conjugation, disrupting monoubiquitin signaling as well as global protein ubiquitination. TAK-243 (MLN7243) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, abrogates NF-κB pathway activation and promotes apoptosis.

Nutlin-3a (Rebemadlin), an active enantiomer of Nutlin-3, is a potent murine double minute (MDM2) inhibitor (IC₅₀=90 nM). Nutlin-3a inhibits MDM2-p53 interactions and stabilizes the p53 protein, and induces cell autophagy and apoptosis. Nutlin-3a has the potential for the study of TP53 wild-type ovarian carcinomas.

Subasumstat (TAK-981) is a first in class and selective inhibitor of the SUMOylation enzymatic cascade, with potential immune-activating and antineoplastic activities.

Nutlin-3 is a commercial available p53-MDM2 inhibitor, with K_i of 90 nM.

Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is an orally active gallic tannin compound and an inducer of apoptosis and autophagy. Pentagalloglucose induces cell apoptosis and autophagy through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Pentagalloylglucose inhibits UBE2T-mediated p53 ubiquitination, upregulates p53, downregulates RRM1/RRM2 in pancreatic cancer organoids. Pentagalloglucose has antioxidant, anti mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardioprotective, anti allergic, cholesterol lowering, and anti-tumor activities.

Mezigdomide (CC-92480), a cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase modulating agent (CELMoD), acts as a molecular glue. Mezigdomide shows high affinity to cereblon, resulting in potent antimyeloma activity.

Idasanutlin (RG7388) is an orally bioavailable MDM2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6 nM. Idasanutlin disrupts MDM2-p53 binding, stabilizes and activates p53, triggering cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and reduced cancer cell viability. Idasanutlin reduces EGFR protein expression and phosphorylation, suppresses downstream SHP2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, p70(S6K1), and S6 signaling. Idasanutlin induces mitochondrial ROS production, drives p38 MAPK phosphorylation, upregulates NOXA, and mediates caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis. Idasanutlin can be used for the research of TP53-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, colorectal carcinoma, melanoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, neuroblastoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, osteosarcoma, solid tumors, and hematological tumors.

ML-792 is a potent and selective inhibitor of SAE/SUMO1 and SAE/SUMO2 in enzymatic assays (IC₅₀ values of 3 and 11 nM, respectively) compared with NAE/NEDD8 and UAE/ubiquitin (IC₅₀> values of 32 μM and >100 μM, respectively).

2-D08 is a cell permeable, mechanistically unique inhibitor of protein SUMOylation. 2-D08 also inhibits Axl with an IC₅₀ of 0.49 nM.

Navtemadlin (AMG 232) is a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of p53-MDM2 interaction, with an IC₅₀ of 0.6 nM. Navtemadlin binds to MDM2 with a K_d of 0.045 nM.

PYR-41 is a selective and cell permeable inhibitor of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 with an IC₅₀ of < 10 μM, with little activity at E2 and E3.

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) inhibits NF-κB activity and also is an Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, and an inhibitor of WWP1 (WW domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase 1).

NX-1607 (Compound 23) is an inhibitor of Cbl-b, an E3 enzyme in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, with an IC₅₀ value of less than 1 nM. NX-1607 can be used in cancer research.

PRT4165 is a potent inhibitor of polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1)-mediated H2A ubiquitylation.

Heclin is a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases inhibitor. Heclin inhibits Smurf2, Nedd4, WWP1 (IC₅₀ values are 6.8, 6.3, 6.9 μM) and can be used for the research of gastric cancer.

RB-3, a polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) inhibitor, binds to RING1B-BMI1f, with a K_d of 2.8 μM.

Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.

NSC697923 is a potent UBE2N (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N, Ubc13) inhibitor. NSC697923 induces neuroblastoma (NB) cell death via promoting nuclear importation of p53 in p53 wild-type NB cells. NSC697923 also induces cell death in p53 mutant NB cells by activation of JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway. NSC697923 inhibits DNA damage and NF-κB signaling. Antitumor activity.

DKM 2-93 is a relatively selective inhibitor of UBA5 with an IC₅₀ of 430 μM.

LS-102 is a selective E3 ubiquitin ligase synoviolin (Syvn1) inhibitor. LS-102 inhibits the autoubiquitination of synoviolin with an IC₅₀ of 35 μM. LS-102 has the potential for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.