Histamine Receptor Inhibitor

Dexchlorpheniramine maleate is an orally taken anti-histamine that has anti-inflammatory, anti-irritant, anti-allergic, and skin barrier effects. Dexchlorpheniramine maleate inhibits myocardial contraction in rats. Dexchlorpheniramine maleate can be used in studies of allergic rhinitis.

Acrivastine (BW825C) is a short acting histamine 1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Azacyclonol (γ-pipradol), a metabolite of Terfenadine, is a central depressant agent. Azacyclonol is a ganglion-blocking agent. Azacyclonol can be used to diminish psychoses-induced hallucinations.

Lodoxamide tromethamine (U-42585E) is a medication for the treatment of prophylaxis of mast cell-mediated allergic disease.

XmAb-7195 (AIMab-7195) is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting IGHE. XmAb-7195 can be used in Food hypersensitivity, Allergic asthma, Allergic rhinitis, Atopic dermatitis and Conjunctivitis research.

Antazoline hydrochloride is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist with anticholinergic and antiviral properties. Antazoline hydrochloride can prevent histamine from acting on target cells through a reversible competition effect on histamine receptor sites of these cells. Antazoline hydrochloride can exert an antiallegic effect and prevent the occurrence of physiological reactions from the effect of blocking as well as inhibiting H1 receptor. Antazoline hydrochloride can effectively reduce HBV DNA in the extracellular supernatant in a dose-dependent manner, with EC₅₀ of 2.910 μmol/L in HepAD38 cells. Antazoline hydrochloride also has a significant inhibitory effect on HBV DNA in the extracellular supernatant of Huh7 cells (EC₅₀ = 2.349 μmol/L). Antazoline hydrochloride has anti-arrhythmic effect in acute myocardial infarctions. Antazoline hydrochloride can be studied in research for cardiovascular diseases, and HBV.

Dothiepin (Dosulepin; Dothep) is an antidepressant agent with sedative/anxiolytic activity. Dothiepin is an inhibitor preferring of noradrenaline uptake than serotonin uptake. Dothiepin facilitates noradrenergic neurotransmission via inhibiting the neuronal uptake. Dothiepin is also an antagonist of histamine H1-receptor without cardiotoxicity. Dothiepin exhibits significant analgesic activity in psychogenic facial pain，idiopathic fibromyalgia syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis.

Pheniramine (Prophenpyridamine; Tripoton) maleate is a first-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, acts on the central nervous system (CNS) with sedative and hypnotic effect. Pheniramine maleate displays antitumor effect and induces leukemia cells apoptosis. Pheniramine maleate is also a safe and effective local agent that can suppress or relieve pain, with antipruritic effects.

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate acts as a p38 MAP kinase activator, CHK2 activator, histamine H1 receptor inhibitor and serotonin receptor inhibitor. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate mediates cell cycle arrest via G1 phase arrest, G1/S transition arrest, G0/G1 phase arrest, reduced expression of cyclins D1/D2/D3, upregulated expression of HBP1, p16, p21, p27, and decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate induces Apoptosis by increasing PARP and cleaved PARP, as well as activating the mitochondrial caspase pathway. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate inhibits tumor growth with extremely low toxicity to normal cells. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia.

Repirinast (MY-5116) is an orally active anti-allergic agent. Repirinast inhibits histamine release. Repirinast can be used in the research of bronchial asthma.

Diphenylpyraline hydrochloride is a potent histamine H₁?receptor antagonist. Diphenylpyraline hydrochloride acts as an orally active antihistamine agent?with antimuscarinic and antiallergic effects. Diphenylpyraline hydrochloride can be used for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders in vivo.

Benztropine (Benzatropine; Benzotropine) is an orally active and BBB-permeable centrally acting anticholinergic agent that can be used for Parkinson's disease research. Benztropine is an anti-histamine agent and a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor. Benztropine is also a human D₂ dopamine receptor allosteric antagonist. Benztropine mesylate also has anti-CSCs (cancer stem cells) effects.

Azatadine dimaleate (Azatadine maleate) is an orally active histamine H₁ receptor inhibitor, cetylcholine receptor inhibitor, and serotonin receptor inhibitor. Azatadine dimaleate induces sedation and exhibits topical anesthetic properties. Azatadine dimaleate can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis.

Buclizine dihydrochloride is an orally active antihistamine antiallergic compound. Buclizine dihydrochloride is a potent teratogen in the rat and shows anti-tumor activity.

AVN-101 hydrochloride is a potent, brain-penetrant and orally active 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (K_i of 153 pM), with slightly lesser potency toward 5-HT6, 5-HT2A, and 5HT-2C receptors (K_i values of 2.04 nM, 1.56  nM, and 1.17  nM, respectively). AVN-101 hydrochloride also exhibits a rather high affinity toward histamine H1 (K_i of 0.58 nM) and adrenergic α2A, α2B, and α2C (K_i= 0.41-3.6 nM) receptors. AVN-101 hydrochloride can be studied in such diseases as general anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.

Undecane is a potent cAMP agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis.

Levodropropizine (DF-526) is an orally active histamine receptor inhibitor, Levodropropizine is an effective and very well tolerated peripheral antitussive agent.

Quinotolast sodium in the concentration range of 1-100 μg/mL inhibits histamine, LTC₄ and PGD₂ release in a concentration-dependent manner.

Marmin is a histamine receptor inhibitor and tracheal smooth muscle relaxant. Marmin antagonizes histamine- and methacholine-induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle. Marmin inhibits histamine release from mast cells, and also blocks extracellular calcium influx via voltage-dependent calcium channels as well as calcium release from intracellular calcium stores, thereby effectively inhibiting calcium-mediated smooth muscle contraction. Marmin slightly enhances the relaxant effect of isoprenaline, and induces epithelial-dependent tracheal smooth muscle relaxation independent of nitric oxide, cGMP or β₂-adrenergic pathways through the release of prostaglandin E₂.

Antihistamine-1 is a H1-antihistamine (K_i=6.9 nM) with acceptable blood-brain barrier penetration and also an inhibitor of CYP2D6 and hERG channel with IC₅₀s of 5.4 and 0.8 μM, respectively.