Plasmodium
Plasmodium parasites invade erythrocytes to access nutrients and occupy a protected intracellular niche[1]. Mechanistically, P. falciparum merozoite invasion depends on ligand-receptor interactions and regulated microneme and rhoptry secretion[2]. The apicoplast supports blood-stage growth mainly through isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis, shown by chemical rescue of parasites lacking this organelle[3]. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids also support GPI-anchor biosynthesis, egress, and invasion in P. falciparum[4]. Compared with related apicomplexan parasites, malaria parasites use conserved host-cell entry logic but species-specific ligand-receptor interactions[1]. For experimental applications, apicoplast translation inhibitors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors provide tools to test delayed death, organelle maintenance, and parasite viability[5][6].
References:
- [1]. Cowman AF, et al. Invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):755-66. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Singh S, et al. Distinct external signals trigger sequential release of apical organelles during erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 5;6(2):e1000746. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Yeh E, et al. Chemical rescue of malaria parasites lacking an apicoplast defines organelle function in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol. 2011 Aug;9(8):e1001138. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Bulloch MS, et al. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids are essential for biosynthesis of GPI protein anchors, and consequently for egress and invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog. 2024 Sep 6;20(9):e1012484. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Pasaje CF, et al. Selective inhibition of apicoplast tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase causes delayed death in Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9;6:27531. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Herman JD, et al. The cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase of the malaria parasite is a dual-stage target of febrifugine and its analogs. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 20;7(288):288ra77. [Content Brief]
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Plasmodium Related Products (265)
Related Products (265)
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Homopterocarpin
0 ImagesHomopterocarpin is an isoflavonoid that can be isolated from Pterocarpus erinaceus. Homopterocarpin has hepatoprotective, antioxidant and antiplasmodial activity. Homopterocarpin is a competitive reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase-B with an IC50 and a Ki of 0.72 and 0.21 μM for hMAO-B, respectively. Homopterocarpin can be used for the research of liver injury and oxidative stress.
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Isopentaquine
0 ImagesIsopentaquine is an orally active antimalarial agent. Isopentaquine induces mild morphological changes in the exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium fallax, with a ED50 of 6.7 mg/L. Isopentaquine causes degenerative changes in the development of Plasmodium oocysts in infected mosquitoes. Isopentaquine reduces the infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Isopentaquine impairs sympathetic cardiovascular reflexes. Isopentaquine decreases the recurrence rate and total disease duration of Plasmodium vivax infection. Isopentaquine can be used in malaria-related research.
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Atherosperminine
0 ImagesAtherosperminine (Atherospermine) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Atherosperminine inhibits growth of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Atherosperminine scavenges DPPH free radicals, exhibits ferric reducing power, and chelates metal ions. Atherosperminine can be used for the research of malaria.
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HDAC1-IN-15
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-187346CAS No.: 3055432-86-2HDAC1-IN-15 is a HDAC1 inhibitor with activity against hHDAC1, PfHDAC1 and HDAC8. HDAC1-IN-15 inhibits the proliferation of asexual blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum and reduces the survival rate of stage IV-V gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. HDAC1-IN-15 is applicable to malaria-related research.
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PI4K-IN-3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178775PI4K-IN-3 (Compound 27) is an orally active PI4K inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.9 nM for Plasmodium vivax PI4K. PI4K-IN-3 has no hERG channel inhibition and mammalian cytotoxicity. PI4K-IN-3 has significant selectivity against the human MINK1 and MAP4K4 kinases but with low selectivity against human PI3Kα and PI4Kβ. PI4K-IN-3 has potent antimalarial activity and significantly reduces parasitaemia in NSG mice mouse models of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
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Corysamine chloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N10323CAS No.: 11028-77-6Corysamine is an alkaloid derived from Stylophorum lasiocarpum. Corysamine has antimalarial activity (IC50 = 0.26 µM).
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Primaquine-d3 diphosphate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-12651SPrimaquine-d3 (diphosphate) is the deuterium labeled Primaquine diphosphate. Primaquine Diphosphate (Primaquine phosphate), an 8-aminoquinoline, exerts a broad spectrum of activities against various stages of parasitic malaria. Primaquine Diphosphate remains as the only agent that destroys late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.
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Piperaquine-d6 tetraphosphate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-118865SPiperaquine-d6 (tetraphosphate) is the deuterium labeled Piperaquine tetraphosphate. Piperaquine tetraphosphate is a bisquinoline antimalarial agent. Piperaquine phosphate can be used in antimalarial research in combination with Artemisinin.
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Quinine dihydrochloride
0 ImagesQuinine dihydrochloride is an orally active alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark, possessing various biological activities including antimalarial, antidengue virus (DENV), and anticancer properties. Quinine dihydrochloride is a potassium channel inhibitor that inhibits WT mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel currents evoked by voltage pulses to +100 mV with an IC50 of 169 μM.
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DHFR-IN-28
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W167448CAS No.: 1931-17-5DHFR-IN-28 is an inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), with a Ki value of 20.0 nM against wild-type pfDHFR. DHFR-IN-28 inhibits the growth of both wild-type and A16V+S108T mutant Plasmodium falciparum. DHFR-IN-28 is applicable for research related to malaria.
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PROTAC DHFR Degrader-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-181813CAS No.: 3077918-47-6PROTAC DHFR Degrader-1 is a selective PROTAC degrader targeting Plasmodium falciparum DHFR-TS with a Ki of 2.01 nM. PROTAC DHFR Degrader-1 exhibits no inhibitory activity against human DHFR and suppresses the growth of Plasmodium falciparum. PROTAC DHFR Degrader-1 can be used for the research of Plasmodium falciparum and malaria.
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MMV1581361
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-181821MMV1581361 is a PfATP4 inhibitor and an orally active, transmission-blocking agent with nanomolar activity against Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage isolates. MMV1581361 disrupts sodium ion (Na+) homeostasis in Plasmodium falciparum. MMV1581361 inhibits male gamete exflagellation, reduces oocyst intensity, and blocks transmission of Plasmodium falciparum. MMV1581361 demonstrates efficacy in the humanized Plasmodium falciparum NOD scid IL2Rγnull mouse model. MMV1581361 can be used for the research of malaria.
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Diuvaretin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N13034CAS No.: 61463-04-5Diuvaretin is an antimalarial agent and a C-phenylated dihydrochalcone. Diuvaretin can be isolated from the roots of U. acuminata. Diuvaretin increases the activity of Caspase-3 and triggers Apoptosis. Diuvaretin exhibits antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Diuvaretin can be used in the research of promyelocytic leukemia and malaria.
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WJM590
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-187367WJM590 is an orally active antimalarial agent that also exhibits inhibitory activities against renin, cathepsin D, BACE1, and plasmodial aspartic proteases. WJM590 inhibits substrate and protein maturation processing mediated by key proteases of Plasmodium falciparum, arrests asexual blood-stage parasites at the late schizont stage, inhibits merozoite release, and blocks malaria parasite transmission via vectors. WJM590 exerts selective inhibitory activity against multiple Plasmodium species and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains, and reduces parasitemia in infected mice. WJM590 can be used in malaria-related research.
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MMV085203
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-182683CAS No.: 385419-89-6MMV085203 is a potent Plasmodium falciparum inhibitor, with a PfTrxR EC50 of 900 nM. MMV085203 exerts potent antimalarial activity against both blood‑stage and sexual‑stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites, with superior efficacy toward clinical isolates of high clonal diversity. MMV085203 modulates parasite redox homeostasis, induces ROS production, and elevates mitochondrial TCA cycle intermediates. MMV085203 can be used for the research of malaria.
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Pf20S-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-183009Pf20S-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of the 20S proteasome β5 subunit of Plasmodium falciparum. Pf20S-IN-1 exhibits antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an EC50 of 20.1 nM against the Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain. Pf20S-IN-1 shows weak inhibitory effect on human 20S proteasome, has no obvious toxicity to human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), and has a selectivity index > 25000. Pf20S-IN-1 can be used in malaria research.
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Antimalarial agent 61
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-183238Antimalarial agent 61 is an antimalarial agent. Antimalarial agent 61 disrupts hemoglobin breakdown in Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stage trophozoites. Antimalarial agent 61 exerts antiplasmodial activity against Chloroquine (HY-17589A)-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Antimalarial agent 61 can be used for the research of malaria.
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Proguanil-d4 hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0806ASCAS No.: 1189671-34-8Proguanil-d4 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Proguanil hydrochloride. Proguanil hydrochloride, an antimalarial proagent, is metabolized to the active metabolite Cycloguanil (HY-12784). Proguanil hydrochloride is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor.
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Antimalarial agent 62
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-183574Antimalarial agent 62 is an orally active imidazopyridine-6-carboxamide antimalarial agent with a high resistance barrier. Antimalarial agent 62 kills trophozoite-stage Plasmodium ring forms, effectively clears dihydroartemisinin-induced dormant Plasmodium ring forms, and eliminates parasitemia in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii. In AReBaR resistance omics screening, Antimalarial agent 62 is not affected by different target- and efflux-mediated resistance mutations and can withstand resistance selection. Antimalarial agent 62 has been applied to studies of malaria-related mechanisms.
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Artemether-lumefantrine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-139288CAS No.: 141204-94-6Synonyms: Co-artemetherArtemether-lumefantrine (Co-artemether) is an Artemisinin (HY-B0094)-derived combination antimalarial. Artemether-lumefantrine is effective against malaria caused by P. falciparum.
