Bacopaside II
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Bacopaside II is the inhibitor for AQP1 that exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity. Bacopaside II exhibits cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.86%
- CAS No.: 382146-66-9
- Formula: C47H76O18
- Molecular Weight:929.10
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Bacopaside II
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Bacopaside II (7.5-15 μM, 20 h) inhibits AQP1-mediated transport, affects cell volume and shape changes, thereby blocking cell migration and tube formation in cells 2H11, 3B11, and HUVEC[1].
Bacopaside II (0-30 μM, 72 h) inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells HT-29, SW480, SW620 and HCT116 with IC50s of 18.4 µM, 17.3 µM, 14.6 µM and 14.5 µM, respectively[2].
Bacopaside II (0-30 μM, 24 h) arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase (HT-29), or at the G2/M phase (SW480, SW620 and HCT116), and induces apoptosis[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 382146-66-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 929.10
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Formula C47H76O18
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[C@]12[C@@]34[C@@](CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]5([C@@](C(C)([C@@H](O[C@@]6([H])[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O[C@]7([H])O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)CO)O[C@]8([H])O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)CC5)C)([H])CC2)C)([H])[C@]9([H])[C@@](OC4)(OC[C@@H](/C=C(C)\C)[C@@]9(O)C)C3
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Int J Mol Sci
From Tradition to Translation: A Critical Appraisal of Bacopa monnieri for Neuroprotection from Preclinical and Clinical Perspectives and Challenges in Utilization. [Abstract]2026 Jun 17;27(12):5488. PMID: 42353204 -
Viruses
2022 Apr 18;14(4):842. PMID: 35458572
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (107.63 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (2.69 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Human pluripotent stem cell endothelial-cell differentiation
Human pluripotent stem cell endothelial differentiation is based on stepwise developmental patterning: early activation of WNT/GSK3β inhibition promotes mesodermal or vascular progenitor entry, followed by endothelial specification using VEGF-related signaling, BMP4, FGF2, Notch modulation, or cAMP depending on the published protocol. Endothelial differentiation is read out by acquisition of CD31, CD34, VE-cadherin/CD144, KDR/VEGFR2, vWF, Tie2, NOS3, acetylated LDL uptake, tube/network formation, barrier function, and in vivo vessel-forming capacity where tested.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Vascular/Branching Fractal Analysis
Vascular/branching fractal analysis quantifies the geometric complexity of vessel trees or vascular networks from segmented 2D images, commonly by converting vessels into binary and/or skeletonized maps and estimating fractal dimension using box-counting or related approaches. Fractal dimension is interpreted as an image-derived readout of vascular branching complexity, space filling, or density, and has been applied to retinal photographs, fluorescein angiography, OCT angiography, capillary perfusion maps, and in vitro Matrigel angiogenesis networks. The assay readout is generated from vessel-positive pixels after image preprocessing, vessel segmentation, binarization, and optional skeletonization; reported outputs include fractal dimension, vessel density, branchpoint density, endpoint density, vessel length density, tortuosity, and generation-based branching metrics when VESGEN-style analysis is used. The biological interpretation is limited to quantitative vascular patterning and s
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Mammalian live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining
Live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining assays are based on the simultaneous detection of intracellular esterase activity in metabolically active (viable) cells and membrane integrity loss in non-viable cells. In commonly used dual-staining approaches, membrane-permeant fluorogenic substrates are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescent products in live cells, while impermeant DNA-binding dyes selectively enter cells with compromised plasma membranes and label nucleic acids in dead or dying cells, enabling discrimination between viable and non-viable populations by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Endothelial Tube Formation Assay
Endothelial tube formation assay evaluates the ability of endothelial cells to attach, migrate, align, and organize into capillary-like networks when cultured on gelled basement membrane extract or Matrigel; the readout is the morphology and quantity of tube-like networks, which reflects an in vitro endothelial morphogenesis step related to angiogenesis. Basement membrane extract/Matrigel provides laminin-rich extracellular matrix cues that support endothelial differentiation into capillary-like structures, but it can contain biologically active growth factors, so growth-factor-reduced matrix is preferred when testing defined angiogenic stimulators or inhibitors.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Endothelial Cell Migration/Angiogenic Sprouting Assay
Endothelial cell migration and angiogenic sprouting assays are in vitro (and partially ex vivo-adapted) functional models that quantify the ability of endothelial cells to undergo coordinated migration, extracellular matrix invasion, and multicellular organization into capillary-like sprouts in response to pro-angiogenic stimuli such as VEGF, bFGF, or conditioned microenvironments. These assays are used to model early angiogenic events including tip-cell formation, directional migration, and lumen-like sprout extension, which collectively reflect angiogenic activation and vascular morphogenesis processes observed in vivo.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (281 KB)
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SDS (480 KB)
- English - EN (480 KB)
- Français - FR (480 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (480 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (480 KB)
- Español - ES (480 KB)
- Swedish - SV (480 KB)
- Italian - IT (480 KB)
- Korean - KR (480 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (480 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Palethorpe HM, et al. The Aquaporin 1 Inhibitor Bacopaside II Reduces Endothelial Cell Migration and Tubulogenesis and Induces Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 26;19(3). pii: E653. [Content Brief]
[2]. Smith E, et al. The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cells. 2018 Jul 21;7(7). pii: E81. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.0763 mL | 5.3816 mL | 10.7631 mL | 26.9078 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2153 mL | 1.0763 mL | 2.1526 mL | 5.3816 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1076 mL | 0.5382 mL | 1.0763 mL | 2.6908 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0718 mL | 0.3588 mL | 0.7175 mL | 1.7939 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0538 mL | 0.2691 mL | 0.5382 mL | 1.3454 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0431 mL | 0.2153 mL | 0.4305 mL | 1.0763 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0359 mL | 0.1794 mL | 0.3588 mL | 0.8969 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0269 mL | 0.1345 mL | 0.2691 mL | 0.6727 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0215 mL | 0.1076 mL | 0.2153 mL | 0.5382 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0179 mL | 0.0897 mL | 0.1794 mL | 0.4485 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0135 mL | 0.0673 mL | 0.1345 mL | 0.3363 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0108 mL | 0.0538 mL | 0.1076 mL | 0.2691 mL |
Bacopaside II Related Classifications
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