90-65-3
90-65-3
Chemical Structure
Penicillic acid
- CAS No.: 90-65-3
- Formula:C8H10O4
- Molecular Weight:170.16
IUPAC Name: (Z)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxohexa-2,5-dienoic acid
InChIKey: VOUGEZYPVGAPBB-XQRVVYSFSA-N
SMILES: C=C(C)C(/C(OC)=C/C(O)=O)=O
Biological Activity: Penicillic acid is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Penicillic acid exhibits cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. Penicillic acid inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by blocking self-processing of caspase-8[1][2].
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Purity | Description | Pricing | |||||||||||||||||||
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Penicillic acid | 99.63% | Penicillic acid is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Penicillic acid exhibits cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. Penicillic acid inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by blocking self-processing of caspase-8. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Penicillic acid (Standard) | ≥98% | Penicillic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Penicillic acid (HY-N6777). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Penicillic acid is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Penicillic acid exhibits cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. Penicillic acid inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by blocking self-processing of caspase-8. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Penicillic acid-13C8 | Penicillic acid-13C8 is the 13C-labeled Penicillic acid (HY-N6777). Penicillic acid is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Penicillic acid exhibits cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. Penicillic acid inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by blocking self-processing of caspase-8. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Citraconic acid | 99.08% | Citraconic acid (Methylmaleic acid) is an orally active inhibitor targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Citraconic acid reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Citraconic acid also modifies the conformation of Keap1 protein, relieves its inhibition of Nrf2, promotes antioxidant gene expression, and inhibits NLRP3 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Citraconic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can reduce oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis, improve tissue damage, and can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citraconic acid is an isomer of Itaconic acid (HY-Y052). | ||||||||||||||||||||
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3-Methylglutaconic acid | 99.75% | 3-Methylglutaconic acid is the major metabolites accumulating in 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGTA). 3-Methylglutaconic acid can induce lipid oxidative damage and protein oxidative. 3-Methylglutaconic acid decreases the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex supernatants to elicit oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex. 3-Methylglutaconic acid can be used for brain damage disease research. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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3-Methylglutaconic acid-13C3 | 3-Methylglutaconic acid-13C3 is the 13C labeled 3-Methylglutaconic acid. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Mesaconic acid | 99.95% | Mesaconic acid (Citronic acid; Methylfumaric acid) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Mesaconic acid reduces the level of NF-κB in colon tissues, downregulates the expression of Keap1 and Bax, upregulates the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl2, and decreases the expression of Caspase-1. Mesaconic acid reduces the levels of NLRP3, ASC and Casp-1 in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increases the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, elevates NAD+ levels, regulates oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels, and upregulates intestinal barrier proteins in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid increases the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and reduces the abundance of harmful gut bacteria in rapidly aging mice, and exhibits anti-aging properties. Mesaconic acid acts as a flame retardant and serves as a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. Mesaconic acid can be used in the research of aging-related inflammation. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Arabenoic acid | Arabenoic acid is a natural product herbicide of fungal origin. Arabenoic acid inhibits the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Dimethyl itaconate | 99.44% | Dimethyl itaconate induces innate immune memory (trained immunity), and exhibits immunomodulatory property. Dimethyl itaconate inhibits the activation of microglia, reduces the neuroinflammation and synaptic structural damage. Dimethyl itaconate regulates the composition of intestinal flora. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Monoethyl itaconate | 98.0% | Monoethyl itaconate is a free radical can be used for polymerization. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Monomethyl itaconate | 99.45% | Monomethyl itaconate (β-Methyl itaconate) is a monomethyl ester derivative of Itaconic acid (HY-Y0520). Monomethyl itaconate can copolymerize with PEGMA to form pH-sensitive hydrogels. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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2,3-Dimethylfumaric acid | 2,3-Dimethylfumaric acid (Nsc174100) is a metal-organic framework (MOF). | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Methyl trans-4-oxo-2-pentenoate | Methyl trans-4-oxo-2-pentenoate (Methyl (2E)-4-oxopent-2-enoate) is a heterofunctionalized dienophile containing both ketone and ester functional groups. The enone structure within the Methyl trans-4-oxo-2-pentenoate molecule makes it a highly reactive Michael acceptor capable of regioselective conjugate addition, which is commonly used in reactions for constructing complex ring systems such as the Robinson annulation. Methyl trans-4-oxo-2-pentenoate can serve as a substrate in the synthesis of α-(alkylmethylene) butyrolactone derivatives. Methyl trans-4-oxo-2-pentenoate participates in asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions promoted by chiral palladium complexes. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- [1]. Sorenson WG, et al. Toxicity of penicillic acid for rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. Environ Res. 1986 Dec;41(2):505-13. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Bando M, et al. The mycotoxin penicillic acid inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by blocking self-processing of caspase-8 in death-inducing signaling complex. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 21;278(8):5786-93. [Content Brief]
