3-Methylglutaconic acid
Based on 1 Customer Validation
3-Methylglutaconic acid is the major metabolites accumulating in 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGTA). 3-Methylglutaconic acid can induce lipid oxidative damage and protein oxidative. 3-Methylglutaconic acid decreases the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex supernatants to elicit oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex. 3-Methylglutaconic acid can be used for brain damage disease research.
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- Purity : 99.75%
- CAS No.: 5746-90-7
- 화학식: C6H8O4
- 분자량:144.13
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보관:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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용액&용해도
- Protocol
- 순도&문서
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
제품 설명
IC50 & Target
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
In Vitro
3-Methylglutaconic acid (0.1-5.0 mM, 1 h) induces lipid oxidative damage and antioxidants (TRO, MEL and SOD plus CAT) prevent the lipid peroxidation at higher doses of 5 mM in rat cerebral cortex supernatants[1].
3-Methylglutaconic acid (0.1-5.0 mM, 1 h) induces protein oxidative damage and diminishes non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in rat cerebral cortex supernatants[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
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Animal Model:Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male Hartley guinea-pigs[2]
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Dosage:0.16 mL/kg, 90 min
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
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Result:Increased initial blood pressure and heart rate in rats followed by vagal bradycardia and hypotension (rat)
Developed three patterns of cardiovascular changes (Type 1: a period of sympathetically-mediated hypertension and tachycardia followed by vagal bradycardia; Type 2: Increased arterial pressure and heart rate, but no vagal activation; Type 3: exhibited no significant cardiovascular changes(Guinea-pigs).
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Animal Model:Male Wistar rats[3]
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Dosage:45mg/kg for single dose, 4days
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
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Result:Decreased in NR2B expression on the whole cerebellum tissue and Purkinje cells.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 5746-90-7
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Appearance Solid
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분자량 144.13
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화학식 C6H8O4
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(/C=C(CC(O)=O)\C)O
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Synonyms
β-Methylglutaconic acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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선적
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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보관
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
용액&용해도
In Vitro:
DMSO : 250 mg/mL (1734.55 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
순도&문서
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Guilhian Leipnitz, et al. Induction of oxidative stress by the metabolites accumulating in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria in cerebral cortex of young rats. Life Sci. 2008 Mar 12;82(11-12):652-62. [Content Brief]
[2]. N L Alsip, et al. Cardiovascular effects of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and levels of GABA in regions of the brain of guinea-pigs. Neuropharmacology. 1984 Mar;23(3):349-57. [Content Brief]
[3]. E Girardi, et al. 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures decrease NR2B expression in Purkinje cells: cyclopentyladenosine effect. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Oct;30(7):985-90. [Content Brief]
[4]. Leipnitz G, et al. Induction of oxidative stress by the metabolites accumulating in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria in cerebral cortex of young rats. Life Sci. 2008 Mar 12;82(11-12):652-62. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 6.9382 mL | 34.6909 mL | 69.3818 mL | 173.4545 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3876 mL | 6.9382 mL | 13.8764 mL | 34.6909 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6938 mL | 3.4691 mL | 6.9382 mL | 17.3455 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4625 mL | 2.3127 mL | 4.6255 mL | 11.5636 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3469 mL | 1.7345 mL | 3.4691 mL | 8.6727 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2775 mL | 1.3876 mL | 2.7753 mL | 6.9382 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2313 mL | 1.1564 mL | 2.3127 mL | 5.7818 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1735 mL | 0.8673 mL | 1.7345 mL | 4.3364 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1388 mL | 0.6938 mL | 1.3876 mL | 3.4691 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1156 mL | 0.5782 mL | 1.1564 mL | 2.8909 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0867 mL | 0.4336 mL | 0.8673 mL | 2.1682 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0694 mL | 0.3469 mL | 0.6938 mL | 1.7345 mL |
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