Dipropofol
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Dipropofol is a dimeric derivative of Propofol (HY-B0649) with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Dipropofol terminates free radical chain reactions, scavenges DPPH free radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Dipropofol protects cells from death induced by glutamate, Aβ(25-35) and buthionine sulfoximine, and increases the survival rate of mice exposed to oxygen. Dipropofol selectively activates tonic GABAA currents, hyperpolarizes resting membrane potential, reduces action potential firing, and alleviates the severity of seizures induced by Kainic acid. Dipropofol can be used in the research of Gram-positive bacterial infections, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia-related neuronal injury, oxygen toxicity and temporal lobe epilepsy.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.66%
- CAS No.: 2416-95-7
- Formula: C24H34O2
- Molecular Weight:354.53
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Storage:
4°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Dipropofol (62.5-250 μM; 30 min) potently inhibits Fe2+- and ascorbate-induced lecithin lipid peroxidation, with an inhibition rate of 98.2% at 62.5 μM and 98.8% at 250 μM[1].
Dipropofol scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 value of 80 μM[1].
Dipropofol (62.5-80 μM) exhibits in vitro antioxidant activity, with an inhibition rate of 98% against lipid peroxidation at a concentration of 62.5 μM and a DPPH IC50 of 80 μM[2].
Dipropofol (62.5-1000 nM) completely inhibits glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in N18-RE-105 cells at concentrations of 62.5 nM and above[2].
Dipropofol (1-10 μM) completely reverses the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(25-35) (HY-P0128) in PC12 cells and primary fetal rat hippocampal cells[2].
Dipropofol exhibits potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA and VRE), with MIC values of 2-4 μg/mL, while it shows no activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC >128 μg/mL)[2].
Dipropofol (10 μM) hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential of layer II stellate neurons in the mouse medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) in acute brain slices, reduces action potential firing, and thereby inhibits their excitability; when the membrane potential is clamped at a constant level, this drug has no effect on the intrinsic excitability of neurons[3].
Dipropofol (0.1-100 μM) activates endogenous tonic GABAA currents in layer II stellate neurons of the mouse medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) in acute brain slices, with an EC50 of 9.3 μM[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (male, 18-20 g, specific pathogen-free grade, Kainic acid-induced acute seizures model)[3]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; 2 total doses: first dose 35 min pre-Kainic acid, second dose 5 min pre-Kainic acid
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Result:Slowed seizure progression significantly, with lower mean maximum seizure classes recorded at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after Kainic acid injection compared to vehicle controls.
Increased latency to first generalized (class 4) seizure to 36 min.
Reduced incidence of generalized class 4 seizures to 45.5% (5/11) compared to 92.3% (12/13) in vehicle-treated mice.
Decreased the number of mice that progressed to class 5 seizures compared to vehicle controls.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2416-95-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 354.53
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Formula C24H34O2
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
OC1=C(C(C)C)C=C(C2=CC(C(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)C)=C2)C=C1C(C)C
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (282.06 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Neurotoxicity Study
This protocol assesses in vitro neurotoxicity by combining neuronal viability, mitochondrial/metabolic activity, neurite outgrowth, and optional neuronal network function readouts. Calcein-AM or resazurin/PrestoBlue readouts estimate viable or metabolically active cells; βIII-tubulin immunofluorescence detects neuronal morphology and neurite networks; TMRE detects mitochondrial membrane potential; and MEA recordings detect functional changes in neuronal network activity.
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Cardiac voltage-sensitive optical mapping
Cardiac voltage-sensitive optical mapping records changes in transmembrane potential from cardiac tissue by staining the preparation with a voltage-sensitive dye and imaging fluorescence changes during electrical activation; the resulting optical action potentials can be used to map activation time, action potential duration, conduction velocity, wavefront propagation, and arrhythmia dynamics. The optical signal represents a relative fluorescence change from a tissue volume rather than a single-cell intracellular recording, so spatial resolution, sampling rate, voltage resolution, optical magnification, light penetration, and motion control must be considered together when interpreting optical action potentials.
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Neuronal voltage-sensitive dye imaging
Neuronal voltage-sensitive dye imaging detects membrane-potential-dependent optical changes from dyes associated with neuronal membranes, enabling optical recording of electrical activity from single neurons, dendrites, axons, spines, or neuronal populations in brain slices and cultured neurons. VSD signals are typically reported as fractional fluorescence or absorbance changes over baseline, such as ΔF/F or ΔI/I, and published protocols use high-speed cameras or photodiode arrays because neuronal voltage signals occur on millisecond time scales. Fast VSD imaging can be applied at two common scales: bulk staining of brain slices to measure circuit-level spatiotemporal activity, and single-cell loading or biolistic delivery to record membrane-potential transients from individual neuronal compartments. Optical signals should be interpreted as membrane-potential-related readouts, and validation by simultaneous electrophysiology or pharmacological controls is recommended when the experimen
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Acute brain-slice whole-cell patch-clamp recording
Acute brain-slice whole-cell patch-clamp recording measures membrane voltage or ionic current from visually targeted cells in living brain slices; after giga-seal formation, the membrane under the pipette is ruptured to provide low-resistance electrical access to the cell interior, enabling current-clamp analysis of excitability and voltage-clamp analysis of synaptic or membrane currents. Acute slices preserve local tissue architecture better than dissociated preparations and allow visually guided recording from defined brain regions or fluorescently labeled cells; however, whole-cell access also permits exchange between pipette solution and cytoplasm, so intracellular dialysis must be considered when interpreting signaling-dependent phenomena.
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Fluorescent plasma-membrane potential dye assay
Fluorescent plasma-membrane potential dye assays measure changes in cell membrane potential using voltage-sensitive dyes whose fluorescence changes when cells depolarize or hyperpolarize. Anionic bis-oxonol dyes such as DiBAC4(3) enter depolarized cells more readily and show increased fluorescence after intracellular binding, while hyperpolarization reduces dye accumulation and fluorescence. FMP/FLIPR membrane-potential dyes are used for faster, homogeneous microplate assays of ion-channel or receptor-mediated membrane-potential changes.
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Cell-attached patch-clamp recording
Cell-attached patch-clamp recording measures ionic current through one or more ion channels in a small membrane patch that remains attached to an intact cell; the readout is a time-resolved current trace generated when channels in the sealed patch open and close under controlled pipette voltage or stimulus conditions. Classic applications include single acetylcholine receptor currents in frog skeletal muscle, single sodium-channel currents in cultured rat muscle cells, one-channel NMDA receptor recordings, and mechanically activated PIEZO-channel recordings. The method depends on forming a high-resistance pipette-membrane seal, commonly described as a gigaohm seal, which reduces leak and noise sufficiently to resolve picoampere-scale single-channel currents. In the cell-attached configuration, the patch membrane is not ruptured, so cytosolic composition is not directly dialyzed by the pipette solution.
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Ferroptosis Solutions
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by lethal lipid peroxidation and sensitivity to suppression by iron chelators or lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidants. The core pathway links cystine uptake through system Xc−, glutathione availability, GPX4-dependent detoxification of phospholipid hydroperoxides, iron-dependent oxidative reactions, and polyunsaturated-phospholipid metabolism into a cell-death program that is biochemically and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. The ferroptosis pathway is experimentally linked to phenotype through chemical and genetic perturbation. Erastin induces ferroptosis by inhibiting cystine uptake through system Xc− and weakening antioxidant defenses, while GPX4 inhibition or depletion causes lipid peroxide accumulation and ferroptotic cancer-cell death. ACSL4 and oxidizable arachidonoyl- or adrenoyl-containing phosphatidylethanolamines shape ferroptosis sensitivity by con
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Gram Staining of Tissue Sections
Gram staining of tissue sections is a histochemical technique used to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within histological specimens based on differences in bacterial cell wall structure and dye retention, adapted from classical bacteriological Gram staining into tissue-compatible “histological Gram stain” variants. In tissue applications, modifications of the Brown-Hopps and Brown-Brenn methods are commonly used to improve differentiation of microorganisms embedded within host connective tissue and to reduce overstaining or loss of Gram-negative signal, which are known limitations of earlier approaches. The principle relies on crystal violet-iodine complex retention in Gram-positive organisms and subsequent decolorization and counterstaining steps that allow contrast visualization of Gram-negative organisms against tissue background.
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Alzheimer’s Disease Modeling
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions and loss of specific types of neurons and synapses. Alzheimer's symptoms can be simulated in mice by injecting drugs (such as Aβ) or genetically modified.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Ogata M, et al. Antioxidant activity of propofol and related monomeric and dimeric compounds. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2005 Mar;53(3):344-6. [Content Brief]
[2]. Ogata M, et al. [Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of dimeric phenol compounds]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 2008 Aug;128(8):1149-58. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhang J, et al. Anticonvulsant effect of dipropofol by enhancing native GABA currents in cortical neurons in mice. J Neurophysiol. 2018 Sep 1;120(3):1404-1414. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.8206 mL | 14.1032 mL | 28.2064 mL | 70.5159 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5641 mL | 2.8206 mL | 5.6413 mL | 14.1032 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2821 mL | 1.4103 mL | 2.8206 mL | 7.0516 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1880 mL | 0.9402 mL | 1.8804 mL | 4.7011 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1410 mL | 0.7052 mL | 1.4103 mL | 3.5258 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1128 mL | 0.5641 mL | 1.1283 mL | 2.8206 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0940 mL | 0.4701 mL | 0.9402 mL | 2.3505 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0705 mL | 0.3526 mL | 0.7052 mL | 1.7629 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0564 mL | 0.2821 mL | 0.5641 mL | 1.4103 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0470 mL | 0.2351 mL | 0.4701 mL | 1.1753 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0353 mL | 0.1763 mL | 0.3526 mL | 0.8814 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0282 mL | 0.1410 mL | 0.2821 mL | 0.7052 mL |
Dipropofol Related Classifications
HY-W101673 Related Classifications
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