Isotope-Labeled Environmental Contaminants

Dimetridazole-d₃ (1,2-Dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole-d₃) is a deuterium labeled Dimetridazole (HY-B1244). Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic. Dimetridazole inhibits protein synthesis in cultures of Campylobacter jejuni. Dimetridazole is genotoxic. Dimetridazole can be used in the research of protozoal and bacterial infections.

Fluorene-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Fluorene. Fluorene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a precursor to other fluorene compounds. Fluorene and its derivative?can be used as a precursor to fluorene-based dyes.

Porphobilinogen-¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Porphobilinogen. Porphobilinogen could act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin.

Trimethoprim-d₃is the deuterium labeled Trimethoprim. Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim has the potential for urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia treatment.

Robenidine-d₈ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Robenidine hydrochloride. Robenidine hydrochloride is an anticoccidial agent which is also active against MRSA and VRE with MIC50s of 8.1 and 4.7 μM, respectively.

Acetaldehyde 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone-3,5,6-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Acetaldehyde 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone-3,5,6.

Diethyl phthalate-d₄ is the d₄ labeled Diethyl phthalate (HY-Y0284). Diethyl phthalate is an orally active plasticizer and detergent base. Diethyl phthalate increases the activities of ACP, ALP, SDH, and ALT in liver, muscle, or both tissues. Diethyl phthalate induces dose-dependent mortality and sluggish behavior in freshwater fish. Diethyl phthalate may induce male reproductive toxicity. Diethyl phthalate is added to plastic polymers to help maintain their flexibility.

Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.

o,p'-DDT-d₈ is the deuterium labeled o,p'-DDT.

Thiophanate-methyl-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Thiophanate-methyl. Thiophanate-Methyl is a systematic fungicide.

Terephthalic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid is an isomer and a precursor of polyester PET, which can be used to make clothing and plastics. Terephthalic acid can be used to build skin tumor models.

Sudan I-d₅ is a the deuterated Sudan I. Sudan I is a diazo-conjugate red dye and can be used as an additive to products such as oils, solvents or polishes. Sudan I inhibits growth of bacterial strains Clostridium perfringens and L. rhamnosus.

Ciprofloxacin-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.

2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene-d₁₂ is the deuterated-labeled 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene (HY-W017280). 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene is a cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 52 μM and a pIC₅₀ of 4.28 against human targets. 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene inhibits the 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation activity catalyzed by CYP1A2.

Imazamox-¹³C,d₃ is the ¹³C- and deuterium labeled Imazamox. Imazamox (CL29926) is a systemic herbicide that inhibits the production of acetolactate synthase (ALS) in plants with high selectivity, high activity, safety and broadspectrum activity, which would then inhibit plant growth and ultimately lead to plant death.

Cymoxanil-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Cymoxanil (HY-B2067). Cymoxanil is a fungicidal cyanooxime against plant diseases caused by fungi belonging to the Perenosporales. Cymoxanil affects growth, DNA and RNA synthesis in Phytophthora.

Chlorocholine-d₄ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Chlorocholine chloride.

Di-o-tolyl-phosphate-d₁₄ is the deuterium labeled Di-o-tolyl-phosphate.

Propofol-d₁₇ β-D-glucuronide is the deuterium labeled Propofol β-D-glucuronide.

Albendazole sulfoxide-d₃ is deuterium labeled Albendazole sulfoxide, which is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic.