Isotope-Labeled Environmental Contaminants

Praziquantel-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled Praziquantel, which is an anthelmintic.

Terephthalic acid-¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid is an isomer and a precursor of polyester PET, which can be used to make clothing and plastics. Terephthalic acid can be used to build skin tumor models.

Methyl Eugenol-¹³C,d₃ is the ¹³C- and deuterium labeled Methyl Eugenol. Methyl Eugenol, a phenylpropanoid chemical in leaves, fruits, stems, and/or roots, may be released when that corresponding part of a plant is damaged as a result of feeding by an herbivore. Methyl Eugenol is used for male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly.

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine-d₈ is the deuterium labeled N-Nitrosodiethanolamine.

Monomethyl phthalate-d₄ (2-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Monomethyl phthalate. Monomethyl phthalate is a phthalate metabolite. Monomethyl phthalate acts as a urinary biomarker of phthalates exposure and can be used as a standard for the determination of thyroid cancer and benign nodule.

AMOZ-d₅ is a deuterium labeled AMOZ. AMOZ, a tissue bound metabolite of Furaltadone, Furaltadone is a synthetic nitrofuran antibiotic widely used.

Chlorpyrifos-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide that is classified as a phosphorothionate. The oxon metabolite of Chlorpyrifos is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), affecting neurological function in insects, humans, and other animals. The Chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) metabolite is hydrolyzed by the plasma enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and susceptibility to neurotoxicity associated with CPO exposure is mitigated by PON1 overexpression.

Salbutamol-d₃ (Albuterol-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Salbutamol (HY-B1037). Salbutamol (Albuterol) is an orally active short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Salbutamol promotes tumorigenesis in gastric cancer cells through the β2-AR/ERK/EMT pathway. Salbutamol can relax bronchial smooth muscle and is used to study bronchospasm induced by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Norfloxacin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Norfloxacin. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase.

Chrysene-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled Chrysene. Chrysene is a high molecular weight (HMW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) known for its recalcitrance and carcinogenic properties.

Acrolein 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone-3,5,6-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Acrolein 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone-3,5,6.

Pyrimethamine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Pyrimethamine. Pyrimethamine is a medication used for protozoal infections; interferes with tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis from folic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).

Sulfadiazine-d₄ is a deuterium labeled Sulfadiazine (HY-B0273). Sulfadiazine is an orally active sulfonamide antibiotic. Sulfadiazine competitively inhibits p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic-acid-metabolism cycle, inhibiting multiplication of most Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. Sulfadiazine persists in soil long-term, and exerts selective pressure for sulfonamide-resistant microbial populations. Sulfadiazine targets Toxoplasma gondii DHPS enzyme. Sulfadiazine can be used for the research of congenital toxoplasmosis and bacterial infection.

Enrofloxacin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin (BAY Vp 2674) is an effective antibiotic with an MIC90 of 0.312 μg/mL for Mycoplasma bovis.

Levamisole-d₅ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Levamisole hydrochloride. Levamisole ((-)-Tetramisole) hydrochloride is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. Levamisole hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HSV.

Nicarbazin-d₈ is deuterium labeled Nicarbazin. Nicarbazin is an effective anticoccidial agent for chickens.

3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone-d₄ (AOZ-d₄) is a deuterium labeled 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (HY-W012982). 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) is the metabolite of Furazolidone (HY-B1336). 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone is always be detected as a indicator of furazolidone residues in vivo. 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone is orally active.

3-Methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 3-Methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid. 3-Methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid (MQCA), an important N-oxide reductive metabolite of Quinocetone or Olaquindox, potently inhibits the growth of Chang liver cells through S phase arrest of the cell cycle.

Cyantraniliprole-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Cyantraniliprole, which is an insecticide of the ryanoid class.

(R)-Praziquantel-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled (R)-Praziquantel. (R)-Praziquantel, the active enantiomer of Praziquantel, is a partial agonist of the human 5-HT2B receptor. (R)-Praziquantel acts as an antischistosomal eutomer.