2. Academic Validation
  3. The impact of indole-3-lactic acid on immature intestinal innate immunity and development: a transcriptomic analysis

The impact of indole-3-lactic acid on immature intestinal innate immunity and development: a transcriptomic analysis

  • Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 13;11(1):8088. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87353-1.
Wuyang Huang 1 2,  Ky Young Cho 3 2,  Di Meng  # 2,  W Allan Walker  # 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
  • 2 Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, 16th Street Building (114-3503), Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
  • 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
  • 4 Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, 16th Street Building (114-3503), Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. [email protected].
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 33850185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87353-1
Abstract

An excessive intestinal inflammatory response may have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) of breastmilk tryptophan was identified as the anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in probiotic conditioned media from Bifidobacteria longum subsp infantis. This study aimed to explore the molecular endocytic pathways involved in the protective ILA effect against inflammation. H4 cells, Caco-2 cells, C57BL/6 pup and adult mice were used to compare the anti-inflammatory mechanisms between immature and mature enterocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results show that ILA has pleiotropic protective effects on immature enterocytes including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and developmental regulatory potentials in a region-dependent and an age-dependent manner. Quantitative transcriptomic analysis revealed a new mechanistic model in which STAT1 pathways play an important role in IL-1β-induced inflammation and ILA has a regulatory effect on STAT1 pathways. These studies were validated by real-time RT-qPCR and STAT1 Inhibitor experiments. Different protective reactions of ILA between immature and mature enterocytes indicated that ILA's effects are developmentally regulated. These findings may be helpful in preventing NEC for premature infants.

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